Race and Racisms A Critical Approach, Brief Second Edition

Ideal for instructors who want the flexibility to assign additional readings, Race and Racisms: A Critical Approach, Brief Second Edition, is a topical text that engages students in significant questions related to racial dynamics in the United States and around the world. Shorter than Golash-Boza's highly acclaimed comprehensive text, the Brief Second Edition features a streamlined narrative and is enhanced by its own unique features.

Race and Racisms: A Critical Approach, Brief Second Edition, engages students in significant questions related to racial dynamics in the U.S. and around the world. Written in accessible, straightforward language, the book discusses and critically analyzes cutting-edge scholarship in the field. Organized into topics and concepts rather than discrete racial groups, the text addresses:

* How and when the idea of race was created and developed
* How structural racism has worked historically to reproduce inequality
* How we have a society rampant with racial inequality, even though most people do not consider themselves to be racist
* How race, class, and gender work together to create inequality and identities
* How immigration policy in the United States has been racialized
* How racial justice could be imagined and realized

Centrally focused on racial dynamics, Race and Racisms, Brief Second Edition, also incorporates an intersectional perspective, discussing the intersections of racism, patriarchy, and capitalism.

Preface
Talking About Race Outside the Classroom

CHAPTER 1: The Origin of the Idea of Race
Defining Race and Ethnicity
Race: The Evolution of an Ideology
Historical Precedents to the Idea of Race
Slavery before the Idea of Race
European Encounters with Indigenous Peoples of the Americas
--Voices: The Spanish Treatment of Indigenous Peoples
Slavery and Colonization
Exploitation in the Thirteen English Colonies
The Legal Codification of Racial Differences
--Voices: From Bullwhip Days
Slavery Versus the Ideal of Freedom in the United States
The Indian Removal Act: The Continuation of Manifest Destiny
The Rise of Scientific Racism
European Taxonomies
Scientific Racism in the Nineteenth Century
Intelligence Testing
Eugenics
Conclusion and Discussion
--Thinking about Racial Justice
--Check Your Understanding
--Talking about Race

CHAPTER 2: Racial Ideologies and Sociological Theories of Racism
Prejudice, Discrimination, and Institutional Racism
Individual Racism
--Voices: Microaggressions
Institutional Racism
Systemic Racism and Structural Racism
Systemic Racism
Structural Racism
Racial Ideologies
Biological Racism
Cultural Racism
Color-Blind Racism
Islamophobia and Anti-Arab Racism
Racial Formation
White Supremacy and Settler Colonialism
Intersectional Theories of Race and Racism
White Privilege
Whiteness, Class, Gender, and Sexuality
Conclusion and Discussion
--Thinking about Racial Justice
--Check Your Understanding
--Talking about Race

CHAPTER 3: Racism and Nativism in Immigration Policy
--Voices: Robert Bautista-Denied Due Process
The Racialized History of U.S. Immigration Policy
Race and the Making of U.S. Immigration Policies: 1790 to 1924
Nativism Between 1924 and 1964
The 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act and the Changing Face of Immigration
Illegal Immigration and Policy Response
The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) and Nativism
Proposition 187 and the Lead-Up to the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA)
The 1996 Laws and the Detention and Deportation of Black and Latino Immigrants
--Voices: Hector, a Guatemalan Deportee
The DREAM Act
Nativism in the Twenty-First Century
--Voices: The Zarour Family
Conclusion and Discussion
--Thinking about Racial Justice
--Check Your Understanding
--Talking about Race

CHAPTER 4: Racism in the Media: The Spread of Ideology
Representations in Entertainment
Portrayals of Blacks
--Voices: Why 'black-ish' Is the Show We Need Right Now
Portrayals of Latinx
Portrayals of Arabs and Arab Americans
--Voices:"Why We Hacked Homeland"
Portrayals of Asians and Asian Americans
Portrayals of Native Americans
New Media Representations
Video Games
Social Media
Media Images and Racial Inequality
Raced, Classed, and Gendered Media Images
Conclusion and Discussion
--Thinking about Racial Justice
--Check Your Understanding
--Talking about Race

CHAPTER 5: Colorism and Skin-Color Stratification
The History of Colorism
The Origins of Colorism in the Americas
The Origins of Colorism in Asia and Africa
The Global Color Hierarchy
Asia and Asian Americans
--Voices: The Fair-Skin Battle
Latin America and Latinx
Africa and the African Diaspora
--Voices: Colorism and Creole Identity
Skin Color, Gender, and Beauty
--Voices: After #NotFairandLovely: Changing Thought Patterns Instead of Skintone
Conclusion and Discussion
--Thinking about Racial Justice
--Check Your Understanding
--Talking about Race

CHAPTER 6: Educational Inequality
The History of Educational Inequality
Indian Schools
Segregation and Landmark Court Cases
The Persistence of Racial Segregation in the Educational System
Affirmative Action in Higher Education
Educational Inequality Today
The Achievement Gap: Sociological Explanations for Persistent Inequality
Parental Socioeconomic Status
Cultural Explanations:"Acting White" and Other Theories
Tracking
Social and Cultural Capital and Schooling
--Voices: Moesha
Hidden Curricula and the School-to-Prison Pipeline
Conclusion and Discussion
--Thinking about Racial Justice
--Check Your Understanding
--Talking about Race

CHAPTER 7: Income and Labor Market Inequality
Income Inequality by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender
Dimensions of Racial Disparities in the Labor Market
Disparities Among Women
Disparities Among Asian Americans
Underemployment, Unemployment, and Joblessness
--Voices: Jarred
Sociological Explanations for Income and Labor Market Inequality
Individual-Level Explanations
--Voices: Latinx Professionals as Racialized Tokens: Lisa's Story
Structural Explanations
Affirmative Action in Employment
Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment
Conclusion and Discussion
--Thinking about Racial Justice
--Check Your Understanding
--Talking about Race

CHAPTER 8: Inequality in Housing and Wealth
Residential Segregation
The Creation of Residential Segregation
--Voices: Vince Meredey (from Color of Law)
Discriminatory and Predatory Lending Practices
Neighborhood Segregation Today
Wealth Inequalities
Inequality in Homeownership and Home Values
Wealth Inequality Beyond Homeownership
Explaining the Widening Wealth Gap
Conclusion and Discussion
--Thinking about Racial Justice
--Check Your Understanding
--Talking about Race

CHAPTER 9: Racism and the Criminal Justice System
Mass Incarceration in the United States
The Rise of Mass Incarceration
Mass Incarceration in a Global Context
Race and Mass Incarceration
--Voices: Earl Washington
The Inefficacy of Mass Incarceration
Mass Incarceration and the War on Drugs
Race, Class, Gender, and Mass Incarceration
Institutional Racism in the Criminal Justice System
Racial Profiling
--Voices: Sandy Bland
Sentencing Disparities
The Ultimate Sentence: Racial Disparities in the Death Penalty
The Economics of Mass Incarceration
Private Prisons
The Prison-Industrial Complex
Beyond Incarceration: Collateral Consequences
The Impact of Mass Incarceration on Families and Children
The Lifelong Stigma of a Felony: "The New Jim Crow"
Conclusion and Discussion
--Thinking about Racial Justice
--Check Your Understanding
--Talking about Race

CHAPTER 10: Health Inequalities, Environmental Racism, and Environmental Justice
The History of Health Disparities in the United States
Involuntary Experimentation on African Americans
Free Blacks as Mentally and Physically Unfit
Explaining Health Disparities by Race and Ethnicity Today
Socioeconomic Status and Health Disparities by Race/Ethnicity
Segregation and Health
The Effects of Individual Racism on the Health of African Americans
Life-Course Perspectives
Culture and Health
Genetics, Race, and Health
Environmental Racism
Environmental Justice
--Voices: The Fight Against the Dakota Access Pipleline
--Voices: The Flint Water Crisis
Conclusion and Discussion
--Thinking about Racial Justice
--Check Your Understanding
--Talking about Race

Glossary
References
Credits
Index