Range Management : Principles and Practices

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ISBN: 9780137527915 | 0137527918
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 11/1/1988

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Foreword	p. xiii
Preface	p. xv
Conversion from a Metric Unit to the English Equivalent	p. xvii
Rangeland and Man	p. 1
Rangeland Defined	p. 1
Range Management Defined	p. 5
Relationship of Range Management to Other Disciplines	p. 6
The Importance of Rangelands to Humans	p. 8
Desertification	p. 16
Changes in the Amount of Rangeland	p. 17
Range Management Principles	p. 19
Literature Cited	p. 19
Range Management History	p. 21
The Origin of Range Science	p. 21
Chrological History of Livestock Grazing	p. 22
Government Land Policies	p. 32
Development of Range Management in Other Countries	p. 38
Range Management Principles	p. 39
Literature Cited	p. 39
Rangeland Physical Characteristics	p. 42
Precipitation	p. 42
Wind	p. 49
Temperature	p. 49
Frost-free Period	p. 50
Humidity	p. 50
Climate Types	p. 50
Topography	p. 54
Soils	p. 56
Influence of Rangeland Physical Characteristics upon Range Animals	p. 64
Range Management Principles	p. 65
Literature Cited	p. 67
Description of Rangeland Types	p. 69
Types of Rangeland	p. 69
Rangelands of the United States	p. 77
Range Management Principles	p. 109
Literature Cited	p. 109
Range Plant Physiology	p. 114
Basic Concepts	p. 114
Carbohydrate Reserves	p. 120
Water Relations	p. 123
Plant Morphology	p. 124
Reproduction	p. 126
Resistance to Grazing	p. 126
Grazing Optimization Theories	p. 131
Range Management Principles	p. 133
Literature Cited	p. 133
Range Ecology	p. 136
Ecology Defined	p. 136
Rangeland Ecosystem Components and Functions	p. 136
Importance of Rangeland Ecosystem Services	p. 144
Succession and Climax	p. 145
Drought	p. 164
Competition	p. 166
Plant Succession and Range Management: A Conclusion	p. 168
Range Management Principles	p. 168
Literature Cited	p. 169
Range Inventory and Monitoring	p. 175
Vegetational Mapping	p. 175
Determination of Vegetational Attributes	p. 178
Grazing Surveys	p. 181
Determining Grazing Intensity	p. 182
Range Condition	p. 184
Determining Trend	p. 191
Range Management Principles	p. 197
Literature Cited	p. 199
Considerations Concerning Stocking Rate	p. 203
Importance of Correct Stocking Rate	p. 203
Influence of Stocking Rate on Forage Production	p. 205
Flexible Versus Fixed Stocking Rates	p. 220
Grazing Intensity Considerations	p. 222
Adjustment for Distance from Water	p. 226
Adjustment for Slope	p. 226
Forage Demand by Grazing Animals	p. 227
Calculation of Stocking Rate	p. 228
Key-Plant and Key-Area Principles	p. 233
Forage Allocation to More than One Animal Species	p. 237
Conclusion	p. 239
Range Management Principles	p. 239
Literature Cited	p. 240
Selection of Grazing Methods	p. 247
Definition of Grazing System Terms	p. 247
Considerations in Grazing System Selection	p. 249
Grazing Systems for Riparian Zones	p. 277
Grazing Systems for Developing Countries	p. 280
Economic Advantages of Specialized Grazing Systems	p. 283
Range Management Principles	p. 284
Literature Cited	p. 285
Methods of Improving Livestock Distribution	p. 291
Factors Causing Poor Distribution	p. 291
Better Livestock Distribution Methods	p. 298
Range Management Principles	p. 307
Literature Cited	p. 307
Range Animal Nutrition	p. 310
Nutritional Components of Grazing Animal Foods	p. 310
Methods for Determining the Nutritional Value of Grazing Animal Diets	p. 313
Diet and Nutritional Quality of Livestock on Different Ranges	p. 313
Forage Intake of Grazing Animals	p. 315
Comparative Nutritive Value of Plant Parts	p. 315
Seasonal Effects on Forage Nutritional Quality	p. 318
Comparative Nutritive Value of Range Forages	p. 319
Comparative Nutrition of Grazing Animals	p. 327
How Grazing Animals Cope with Periods of Low Forage Quality	p. 337
Energy Expenditure by Grazing Animals	p. 338
Supplementing Range Livestock	p. 338
Range Livestock Nutritional Guidelines	p. 339
Range Management Principles	p. 346
Literature Cited	p. 347
Range Management for Multiple Use	p. 356
Herbage Residue and Multiple-Use Concepts	p. 356
Rangeland Hydrology	p. 357
Grazing Impacts on Watersheds	p. 364
Manipulation of Water Yield	p. 374
Timber Production and Grazing	p. 376
Management Systems for Trees, Livestock, and Wildlife	p. 380
Recreational Use of Rangelands	p. 384
Range Management Principles	p. 395
Literature Cited	p. 395
Range Livestock Production	p. 402
Economics of Range Livestock Production	p. 402
Management of Reproductive Efficiency	p. 414
Animal Selection	p. 419
Common-Use Grazing	p. 422
Livestock Management During Drought	p. 424
Poisonous Plant Problems	p. 431
Range Management Principles	p. 435
Literature Cited	p. 436
Range Wildlife Management	p. 440
Trends in Rangeland Wildlife Populations	p. 440
Basic Concepts Concerning Wildlife Habitat	p. 442
Grazing Effects on Rangeland Wildlife	p. 442
Grazing Methods for Wildlife Enhancement	p. 449
Provision of Forage to Big Game	p. 455
Impacts of Brush Control on Wildlife	p. 459
Game Ranching	p. 461
Wild Horses and Burros	p. 467
Small Mammals	p. 468
Insects	p. 471
Predators	p. 474
Threatened and Endangered Wildlife	p. 478
Range Management Principles	p. 478
Literature Cited	p. 479
Manipulation of Range Vegetation	p. 489
Rangeland Problems in the Western United States	p. 490
Control of Unwanted Plants	p. 494
Economic Considerations	p. 512
Considerations in Seeding	p. 516
Fertilization	p. 523
Forage Conservation	p. 527
Range Management Principles	p. 527
Literature Cited	p. 528
Range Management in Developing Countries	p. 533
Challenges to African Pastoralism	p. 534
Problems Relating to Livestock Numbers	p. 534
Land Tenure and Communal Grazing	p. 538
Problems Relating to Dry-Season Grazing	p. 540
Drought	p. 543
Development of Livestock Water	p. 545
Range Burning	p. 545
Range Problems in Latin America	p. 546
Agricultural Versus Industrial Development	p. 551
Range Management Principles	p. 552
Literature Cited	p. 552
Planning, Technology, and the Future	p. 556
Range Management Planning	p. 557
Technology and Computers	p. 562
System Analysis	p. 563
Virtual Reality	p. 567
Economic Analysis	p. 567
Computers and the Future	p. 568
Range Management Principles	p. 573
Literature Cited	p. 573
Index	p. 577
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

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Range Management : Principles and Practices

Table of Contents

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