Read, Write, Connect A Guide to College Reading and Writing

Build effective writing and reading skills for a successful college career with the friendly advice and thoughtful practice found in Read, Write, Connect.

Kathleen Green is an Associate Professor of English at Pasadena City College in Pasadena, California, where she has taught integrated reading and writing courses since 2001. She earned her Ph.D. in English at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and served as Assistant Professor of English at Purdue University-Calumet before moving to California. She has taught a wide variety of courses--including film history, film theory, women's literature, African-American literature, and children's literature--as well as the entire range of English composition courses, from basic skills to developmental to advanced composition. She has published scholarly articles on women's history and popular culture, but prefers working with students just beginning their journeys into higher education. She has served as a faculty tutor in the Pasadena City College Writing Center, has been involved with Writing Across the Curriculum, and has developed online curricula to help students with basic writing and reading skills across many disciplines. Currently, she teaches in the Veterans Learning Collaborative at PCC, a cohort-based program that helps U.S. military veterans make the transition to college learning. Amy Lawlor is a Professor of English at City College of San Francisco where she has been teaching integrated reading/writing and creative writing since 2008. She earned her M.A. in English as well as a Composition Certificate from San Francisco State University and a Post-Secondary Reading Certificate from Cal State Fullerton. 　In the 15 years that she has been teaching college, she has enjoyed working at a number of Bay Area community colleges as well as Pasadena City College where she was exposed to a wide variety of composition curricula and experience teaching integrated reading/writing, reading, composition, Filipino-American literature, Latino-American literature, and other courses, including learning community courses and writing-across-the-curriculum courses. At Pasadena City College, in addition to teaching composition and literature, she worked as a faculty tutor in the Pasadena City College Writing Center and collaborated with Kathy Green in developing online curricula for reading and writing. She is currently co-lead faculty for one of City College of San Francisco’s accelerated courses and calls curriculum and faculty development her primary professional interests outside the classroom.

Preface
PART 1 From Pre-Reading to Proofreading: The Reading and Writing Processes 1      Reading and Responding to College Texts
        How to Approach a Text: Pre-Reading Strategies
             Taking Stock of What You Already Know about a Topic
             Previewing the Text
             Carol S. Dweck, The Perils and Promises of Praise
        Annotating While You Read
             Active Readers Annotate
             Recording Your Thoughts about the Text
             Asking Questions about the Text
             Identifying New Words
             *Example of Annotating
       Finding Main Ideas and Supporting Evidence
             What Is the Main Idea?
             What Is Support?
             How Do You Find the Thesis, Major Points, and Support in an Essay or Article?
       Writing a Summary
             How Do You Write a Summary?
       *Chapter Review 2       Active and Critical Reading
         Reading Critically
         Reading With and Against the Grain
              Read With the Grain
              Read Against the Grain
              Compare Your Notes
         Readings on Money, Wealth, and Financial Literacy
              Sherie Holder and Kenneth Meeks, Teach Your Children the Building Blocks of Finance
              *[Textbook] Paul J. Campbell, Borrowing Models
              *Bureau of Labor Statistics, Education Pays (Chart)
              *Higher One and EverFi, Money Matters on Campus (Infographic)
              *Ken Ilgunas, Out of Debt, On the Road
              Olivia Mellan, Men, Women, and Money
         Working with Multiple Sources
              *Charting to Organize Ideas
          Additional Online and Media Sources
          *Chapter Review 3        Putting Ideas into Writing
          What Is an Essay, and How Do You Write One?
              The Essay
              The Writing Process
          How to Read an Essay Assignment
          Essay Writing Time Management
          Pre-Writing for Your Essay
              Freewriting
              Listing
          Thesis Statements
          Outlining Your Ideas
          Generating Evidence to Support Your Thesis
          Topic Sentences
              Finding Topic Sentences
              Writing Topic Sentences
          Drafting a Rough Essay
          Introductions and Conclusions
          Finishing the Rough Draft
          Essay Assignments for Money, Wealth, and Financial Literacy Unit
          *Chapter Review4        Revising, Editing, and Proofreading
          Revising as Re-Seeing Your Work
          Practicing Peer Review
          Revision Strategies
              Revision Strategy 1: Make Your Audience and Purpose Clear
              Revision Strategy 2: Focus Your Topic or Strengthen Your Thesis
              Revision Strategy 3: Reorganize a Paragraph
              Revision Strategy 4: Develop Your Paragraphs
              Revision Strategy 5: Integrate Quotations and Paraphrases
              Revision Strategy 6: Reorganize Your Essay
          Editing Strategies
              Editing Strategy 1: Read Your Essay Out Loud
              Editing Strategy 2: Read Backwards
          Proofreading
          *Chapter Review PART 2 How Do I Do That? Reading and Writing Workshops 5        Active Reading Strategies
          *Reading Nonfiction
              SQ3R
              KWL+
              *Beth Shapiro, Long Live the Mammoth
              Mapping
              *Outlining
          *Reading Visual Texts
              *Bar Graphs
              *Pie Charts
              *Line Graphs
              *Maps
              *Infographics
              *Photographs
              *Film and Video
          Reading Fiction
              Elements of Fiction
              Annotating Fiction
              Taking Notes on Fiction
              *Concept Wheel
              *Picture Map
          *Chapter Review 6        *Strategies for Reading Textbooks
          How to Pre-Read a Whole Textbook
          Annotating Textbooks
          *Using Textbook Features
              *Table of Contents
              *Chapter Outlines or Openers
              *Key Words or Glossary
              *Section Headings
              *Boxes and Charts
              *Images
              *Bulleted or Numbered Lists
              *Comprehension and Discussion Questions
              *Practices, Quizzes, and Exercises
              *Chapter or Section Reviews
          Outlining or Mapping Textbooks
              [Textbook] David G. Myers, Intelligence
          Muscle Reading
          *Chapter Review 7        Audience, Purpose, and Topic
          Audience and Purpose
              Determining the Audience and Purpose in a Reading
              Reading for Audience and Purpose
              Katie Allison Granju, A Parenting Secret I Am No Longer Willing to Keep
          Topics
              Finding Something to Say and Caring about It
              Making a Broad Topic More Specific
          Crafting Your Paper’s Audience, Purpose, and Tone
              Writing for a Particular Audience
              Writing with a Purpose
              Writing in a Particular Tone
              Sharpening Your Topic with a Title
              Titles of Academic Articles
          *Chapter Review 8        Rhetorical Patterns in Reading and Writing
          What Is a Rhetorical Pattern?
          A Detailed Look at the Patterns
              Example/Illustration
              Definition
              Classification/Categorization
              Narration
              Description
              Process Analysis
              Comparison and Contrast
              Cause and Effect
          *Rhetorical Patterns in Context
          *Using Rhetorical Patterns as a Brainstorming Strategy
              *Rhetorical Patterns in Pre-Writing
              *Rhetorical Patterns in the Revision Stage
          *Chapter Review 9        Vocabulary Building
          Strategies for Discovering the Meanings of Words
              Using Context Clues
              Using a Dictionary
          Understanding Word Parts
              Prefixes
              Roots
              Suffixes
          Committing New Words to Memory
              Using Mnemonics
              Making Graphic Flash Cards
          Using a Thesaurus
          Using New Vocabulary
          *Chapter Review 10      Pre-Writing
          Freewriting
          Clustering
          Listing
          Questioning
          *Using Synthesis Charts to Generate Ideas
          *Chapter Review 11      Thesis and Main Idea
          The Purpose of a Thesis
               The Explicit Thesis or Main Idea
               The Implied Thesis or Main Idea
               Sample Thesis Statements from Different Types of Readings
          Finding the Main Point in a Reading
          Shaping Your Thesis
               Characteristics of a Thesis
               *Figuring Out What Claim You Want to Make
               *Step-by-Step Guide to a Working Thesis 
          *Revising Your Thesis
                *Improving Weak Thesis Statements
          *Chapter Review 12      Argument
          What Is an Argument?
          Taking a Position
          Evidence and Reasons
                *Kinds of Evidence
                *Expert Opinion as Evidence
                Making Inferences from Evidence
                KJ Dell’Antonia, Disney Limits Junk-Food Ads
          Counterarguments and Rebuttals
                Concession Words
                *Los Angeles Times Editorial Board, How Can We, How Should We, Regulate Hobby Drones?
          *Chapter Review 13      Topic Sentences and Paragraphs
          Topic Sentences
                Identifying Topic Sentences
                *Theresa Cramer, Would You Quit Social Media If You Could?
                The Topic Sentence and the Thesis
                Writing Topic Sentences
          Paragraphs
                *Understand PIE Paragraph Structure
          Evaluate Your Paragraphs
                Develop Your Point (P)
                Strengthen the Information (I)
                Strengthen the Explanation or Elaboration (E)
                Turn Your Topic Sentence into a Question
          *Chapter Review 14      Essay Organization and Outlining
          Outlining as a Reader
                Janna Malamud Smith, Income Inequality within Families Is Emerging as a Major Issue
          Outlining as a Writer
                Formal Outlines
                Informal Outlines
          Two Commonly Assigned Essay Structures
                Compare and Contrast Essays
                Cause and Effect Essays
          Outlining Your Own Rough Draft
          Transitions
                Transitional Words and Expressions
                Transitions from Paragraph to Paragraph
                Sequencing Transitions
          *Chapter Review 15      Drafting
          Writing the Very Rough Draft
                Exploratory Drafts
                Evidence Drafts
                Conversation Drafts
          Writing the Public First Draft
          *Chapter Review 16      Introductions and Conclusions
          Introductions
                The Hook
                The Topic
                Background Information
                The Thesis
          Conclusions
                Summing Up Your Essay
                Providing Context and Adding Final Thoughts
                Strategies for Writing Strong Conclusions
          *Chapter Review 17      Quotation and Paraphrase
          Evaluating Sources for Credibility
          Making Sure Source Material Is Relevant
          *Avoid Plagiarism by Citing Source Material
                *Does This Sound Like You?
          When and How to Use Quotations
                How to Quote Correctly
                How to Alter Quotations
          When and How to Paraphrase
          Introducing a Quotation or Paraphrase
                Basic Signal Phrases
                Use Signal Phrases to Add Meaning
                Use More Sophisticated Signal Phrases
          Explaining a Quotation or Paraphrase
         *Chapter Review 18     Giving and Receiving Feedback
         Feedback Is Essential
         Guidelines for Peer Review
         Interpreting and Applying Instructors’ Comments
                Corrections
                Comments
         How to Use a Rubric
         Meeting with an Instructor or Tutor
         *Chapter Review 19     *Essay Exams
         *Preparing Mentally and Physically for an Essay Exam
         *Understanding the Expectations for the Essay Exam
                *Essay Exams in General
                *The Specific Exam
         *Studying for an Essay Exam
                *Starting with an Overview
                *Charting
         *Dissecting the Question
         *Making and Sticking to a Plan of Action
         *Step-by-Step Guide to the Essay Exam Writing Process
         *Chapter Review 20     Note Taking
         The Cornell Method of Note Taking
         Note Taking in Other Situations
                Class Discussions
                Small-Group Activities
                Film and Video Screenings
                Interviews
         Avoiding Plagiarism When Taking Research Notes
                The Note Card System
                The Notebook System
                Electronic Note-Taking Systems
         *Chapter Review 21     Research
         What to Look for in Source Materials
                Source
                Credibility
                Relevance
                Currency
         Your College Library
         The Role of the Internet in Academic Research
         Evaluating Web Sources
         Working with Sources
         *Chapter Review 22     MLA Documentation
         Citation and Credibility
                A Note about Plagiarism
         The Three Components of MLA Format
                Document Format
                The Works Cited Page
                Sample Formats for Works Cited Citations
                In-Text (Parenthetical) Citation
         *Chapter Review 23     *APA Documentation
         *Components of APA Style
                *Document Format
                *The References Page
                *In-Text (Parenthetical) Citations  
         *Chapter Review
PART 3 Food for Thought: Thematic Readings and Sources 24     *Curiosity 
         *Theme Overview
         *Readings on Curiosity
                *[Textbook] Amy T. Peterson and David J. Dunworth, Pandora
                *Richard Erdoes and Alfonso Ortiz, eds., Sun and Moon in a Box
                *[Textbook] C. Scott Littleton, Amaterasu
                *Ian Leslie, Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It
                *Susan Engel, The Case for Curiosity
                *Jim Whitehurst, How I Hire
                *Daisy Yuhas, Curiosity Prepares the Brain for Better Learning
         *Synthesizing the Readings
         *Writing Your Essay
         *Writing Assignments
         *Additional Online and Media Sources 25     Public Art
         Theme Overview
         Readings on Public Art
                [Textbook] Patrick Frank, Public Art and Street Art
                Jack Becker,  Public Art: An Essential Component of Creating Communities
                Teresa Paloma Acosta, Chicano Mural Movement  
                *Paige Pfleger, What Right Do Muralists Have to the Buildings They Paint On?
                Koon Hwee-Kan, Adolescents and Graffiti
                Los Angeles Police Department, What Graffiti Means to a Community
         Synthesizing the Readings
        Writing Your Essay
        Writing Assignments
        Additional Online and Media Sources 26    Fame and Celebrity
        Theme Overview
        Readings on Fame and Celebrity            
                Andrea Chang, The Kardashians: Cashing in with a Capital K
                Carlin Flora, Seeing by Starlight: Celebrity Obsession
                *Donna Rockwell and David C. Giles, Being a Celebrity
                Jake Halpern, The Desire to Belong: Why Everyone Wants to Have Dinner with Paris Hilton and 50 Cent
        Synthesizing the Readings
        Writing Your Essay
        Writing Assignments
        Additional Online and Media Sources
PART 4 How Do I Make My Sentences Say What I Mean? Grammar, Style, and Mechanics 27    How to Learn the Rules and Apply Them To Your Own Writing
        Understanding Editing and Proofreading
        Pinpointing Your Errors
                Errors That Make Your Writing Unreadable
                Errors That Make Your Writing Unclear
                Errors That Make Your Writing Distracting
                Creating a Grammar Log
                Identifying and Prioritizing Errors: One Student’s Paragraph
        Learning the Rules
        Applying What You’ve Learned to Your Own Writing
        *Chapter Review 28    Parts of Speech
        Nouns and Pronouns
                What Are Nouns and Pronouns?
                Identifying Nouns and Pronouns
        Adjectives
                What Are Adjectives?
                Identifying Adjectives
                Definite and Indefinite Articles
        Verbs
                What Are Verbs?
                Identifying Verbs
        Adverbs
                What Are Adverbs?
                Identifying Adverbs
        Conjunctions
                Coordinating Conjunctions
                Correlative Conjunctions
                Subordinating Conjunctions
                Conjunctive Adverbs
        Prepositions
        Interjections
        *Chapter Review 29    *Basic Sentence Components
        What Is a Sentence?
        Verbs
                Time-Testing to Find the Verb
                Compound Verbs
        Subjects
                Sentences That Begin with There Is or There Are
                Verbals: The Verbs That Aren’t Verbs
                Compound Subjects
        Phrases
                Prepositional Phrases
        Clauses
        *Chapter Review 30    *Sentence Structure
        Coordination
                 Finding and Correcting Choppy Sentences
        Subordination
                 Comma Placement with Subordinating Words or Phrases
                 Finding and Correcting Subordination Errors
        Sentence Variety
        *Chapter Review 31    *Finding and Fixing the Major Verb Errors
        *Finding and Fixing Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement
                 Complicated Subjects 
                 Words between the Subject and the Verb
        *Finding and Fixing Errors in Verb Tense
                 Using the Wrong Verb Tense
                 The Literary Present
                 Shifting Incorrectly between Tenses
        *Finding and Fixing Errors with Irregular Verbs
        *Chapter Review 32    Fragments
        What Exactly Is a Fragment? 
                 Fragments That Are Missing a Subject 
                 Fragments That Are Missing a Verb or Part of a Verb 
                 Fragments That Are Incomplete Thoughts 
        Recognizing Fragments in Your Own Writing 
        *Chapter Review  33    Run-Ons: Fused Sentences and Comma Splices
        What Are Fused Sentences and Comma Splices? 
        Finding and Fixing Fused Sentences and Comma Splices 
        *Chapter Review  34    Pronouns
        What Exactly Is a Pronoun? 
                 Subject Pronouns 
                 Possessive Pronouns 
                 Indefinite Pronouns 
                 Demonstrative Pronouns: This/These/That/Those 
                 Antecedents 
        Common Pronoun Errors 
                 Pronoun-Reference Errors 
                 Pronoun-Agreement Errors 
                 Pronoun-Shift Errors 
        Fixing Pronoun Errors 
        *Chapter Review  35    Commas
        What Is a Comma? 
        Rules for Using Commas 
                 Use a Comma to Separate Items in a List 
                 Use a Comma to Separate Place Names, Dates, and People’s Titles 
                 Use a Comma When You Introduce a Quotation, Unless You Use the Word That 
                 Use a Comma When You Have Two or More Adjectives in a Row 
                 Use a Comma with Introductory Elements 
                 Use a Comma When Joining Two Sentences with a Coordinating Conjunction 
                 Use Commas with Sentence Interrupters 
        Building Sentences Using These Comma Rules 
        Editing Your Work for Comma Errors 
        *Chapter Review  36    Parallelism
        What Is Parallelism? 
        Common Parallelism Errors 
                 Lists with Colons 
                 List Interrupters 
                 That Tricky Word That 
                 Maintaining Parallelism When Quoting
        Finding and Fixing Parallelism Errors 
        *Chapter Review 37    Mixed Constructions 
        What Is a Mixed Construction? 
                 What Are Predication Errors? 
        Finding Mixed Constructions 
        Fixing Mixed Constructions 
        *Chapter Review 38    *Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
        What Is a Modifier? 
                 Misplaced Modifiers 
                 Dangling Modifiers 
        Finding and Fixing Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers 
        *Chapter Review  39    *Clear and Focused Language
        *What Is Clear and Focused Language? 
        Avoid Clichés, Empty Phrases, and Slang 
        Avoid Wordiness 
        Avoid Vague or Unclear Pronouns 
        Use Active Voice Whenever Possible 
        *Reduce Bias 
                  *Racial or Cultural Language 
                  *Gendered Language
        *Chapter Review 40    Apostrophes
        What Is an Apostrophe? 
                  Using Apostrophes to Make Contractions 
                  A Few Exceptions 
                  Using Apostrophes to Show Ownership 
        Finding and Fixing Apostrophe Errors with Possessives 
        *Chapter Review  41    Spelling and Capitalization
        Spelling 
        Commonly Confused Words 
        Tricky Spelling Rules 
                  Plural Endings 
                  Silent e 
                  To Double or Not to Double the Final Consonant 
                  Foreign Words 
        Capitalization 
                  Proper Nouns 
                  Titles 
        *Chapter Review  Index 
*Index of Readings