Reclamation of Contaminated Land

Land contamination is of global concern with many of the world's industries potentially harming the environment and human health. Along with rapidly changing policy and technological developments, this is an interdisciplinary area in which successful contaminated land management depends on the expertise of and interaction between a number of scientific and engineering disciplines. Reclamation of Contaminated Land takes into account the different groups involved in contaminated land management and offers a flexible learning approach based on practical experience and research. It presents an overview of the general skills and knowledge required, encompassing both general management and regulatory practice and specific land contamination issues. Divided into two parts, Part I discusses site characterisation and the design of site investigations, and the central role of conceptual models and risk assessment in decision making. Part II discusses how risks from contaminated land are managed and the role of different remediation approaches to achieving this. This book is of great value for 2nd/3rd/4th year undergraduates and MSc students in Environmental Science, Environmental Technology, Environmental Management, Geography, Geology, Estate and Land Management. It is also key reading for undergraduates and MSc students in Chemical Engineering, Civil & Environmental Engineering and Environmental Chemistry, as well as professional planners and developers, and local authorities.

Dr Nathanail combines a full academic research and teaching workload with a busy consultancy that ensures he is up to speed with both recent developments and current practice in the field of contaminated land management.? His research interests include the development of novel methods of site characterisation and risk assessment and in the innovative application of such methods on real sites.
He has contributed to many technical guidance documents published by the Environment Agency of England and Wales, Scottish Executive, CIRIA and SNIFFER and is the author of over 50 technical papers and books. He is a co author of the Contaminated Land Ready Reference - a key compilation of technical guidance for practitioners. He runs the EPSRC IGDS MSc in Contaminated Land Management at the University of Nottingham, is a member of the FIRST Faraday steering committee and runs a research group specialising in contaminated land and brownfield regeneration issues, and a co-editor of a forthcoming series of position papers on contaminated land management to be published by Thomas Telford.

Paul Bardos is managing director of r3 Environmental Technology Ltd. r3 offers a range of research, management and consultancy services in contaminated land and waste management.?He is also special Professor in Environmental Engineering at the University of Nottingham where he co-ordinates and lectures for the remediation modules for their MSc in Contaminated Land Management.
He has contributed to many technical guidance documents published by the Environment Agency of England and Wales, DEFRA (and its precursors), US EPA, NATO, CIRIA, NICOLE, Umweltbundesamt (Austria), EC and CIWM amongst others. He is the author of 150 technical papers and books. He is a co author of the Contaminated Land Ready Reference - a key compilation of technical guidance for practitioners and a co-editor of a forthcoming series of position papers on contaminated land management to be published by Thomas Telford.?r3 is a member of the FIRST Faraday steering committee and runs a research group specialising in contaminated land and brownfield regeneration issues.

Preface

ix

Acknowledgement

xi

International policy

1

(7)

References

7

(1)

UK policy

8

(8)

Case studies

9

(1)

Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act 1990

10

(1)

The source--pathway--receptor pollutant linkage concept

11

(2)

Town and Country Planning Act

13

(1)

References

14

(2)

Chemistry for contaminated land

16

(18)

The periodic table

16

(2)

Chemical names

18

(2)

Chemical reactions

20

(2)

The transition metals

22

(1)

Organic chemistry

23

(7)

Aromatic carbon chemistry

30

(2)

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons

32

(1)

References

33

(1)

Geology for contaminated land

34

(15)

Soils

34

(6)

Outline of the environmental geology of Britain

40

(7)

Geological and hydrogeological information required in a phase 1 risk assessment report

47

(1)

References

48

(1)

Site characterisation and the conceptual model

49

(47)

The conceptual model

49

(7)

Design of a site investigation

56

(26)

Analytical strategy

82

(7)

Reporting

89

(2)

Presenting results

91

(1)

Land condition record

91

(1)

The brief -- procuring site investigation services

92

(1)

References

93

(3)

Risk-based approach to contaminated land management

96

(13)

Tiered approach to risk assessment

97

(1)

Significant pollutant linkages

97

(1)

Link to conceptual model

98

(1)

Determining if the definition of contaminated land has been met

99

(5)

Using a risk assessment tool

104

(1)

Reporting the risk assessment tool output

105

(2)

References

107

(2)

Risk management

109

(16)

Risk-based land management

111

(2)

Limitations of the risk management approach

113

(1)

Applying risk management to remediation

114

(6)

Risk management and site management

120

(3)

Outcome of remediation

123

(1)

Further reading

124

(1)

Remediation approaches

125

(25)

Excavation

126

(4)

Containment

130

(11)

Treatment-based remediation

141

(3)

Dealing with existing buildings

144

(3)

Further reading

147

(3)

Treatment techniques

150

(57)

Techniques exploiting physical processes

150

(13)

Biological approaches

163

(14)

Monitored natural attenuation

177

(3)

Techniques exploiting chemical processes

180

(5)

Permeable reactive barriers

185

(3)

Techniques exploiting solidification/stabilisation processes

188

(6)

Thermal processes

194

(4)

Dealing with soil gas problems

198

(3)

Dealing with asbestos

201

(1)

Radionuclides

202

(1)

Sites containing munitions and explosives

202

(1)

Further reading

203

(4)

Remediation application

207

(19)

Selection of remedial approaches

207

(11)

Implementation

218

(6)

Further reading

224

(2)

Index

226

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Reclamation of Contaminated Land

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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Reclamation of Contaminated Land

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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