Reflections Patterns for Reading and Writing
, by McWhorter, Kathleen T.
- ISBN: 9781319043469 | 1319043461
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 9/30/2016
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This innovative modes-based reader by reading expert Kathleen McWhorter supports an integrated approach to reading and writing with unique scaffolded instruction that guides students through comprehension, analysis, evaluation, and written response — skills students will need to be successful in college. Compelling reading selections drawn from widely taught academic disciplines let students practice the work they’re expected to do in other college courses. The second edition has been thoroughly revised with a new grammar handbook, expanded research coverage, new readings, and new features to provide stronger, more integrated reading and writing advice. Reflections can be packaged with LaunchPad Solo for Readers and Writers, allowing you to more efficiently track students’ progress with reading, writing, and grammar skills in an active learning arc that complements the book.
Kathleen T. McWhorter is professor emerita of humanities and former director of the Learning Skills Center at Niagara County Community College. She has also been on the faculty of the State University College at Buffalo. She is the author of a number of books on writing for freshmen-level students, including the popular guide Successful College Writing, Sixth Edition (Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2015), and the composition reader Reflections: Patterns for Reading and Writing (Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2013). She has also written a number of textbooks on reading and writing for developmental students, including In Concert: Reading and Writing, Second Edition (2016); In Harmony: Reading and Writing, Second Edition (2016); Reading Across the Disciplines: College Reading and Beyond, Sixth Edition (2015); Academic Reading, Eighth Edition (2014); and Efficient and Flexible Reading, Tenth Edition (2014).
McWhorter: Reflections, 2e
*New to this edition PART 1: SKILLS FOR SUCCESS IN READING AND WRITING
Chapter 1. Succeeding in College
*Robinson Meyer, To Remember a Lecture Better, Take Notes by Hand
Strategies for College Success
Manage Your Time
Organize a Reading, Writing, and Study Area
Develop Concentration Skills
Manage Stress
Classroom Skills
Polish Your Academic Image
Demonstrate Academic Integrity
Communicate with Your Instructors
Use Electronic Tools Effectively
Listen Carefully and Critically
Ask and Answer Questions
Work with Classmates
Take Effective Notes in Class
Manage Online Course Work Chapter 2. Active Reading
Strategies for Active Reading
Before Reading: Previewing and Forming Prereading Questions
Morgan Lowrie, Comparing Online and Traditional Education
Preview
Form Prereading Questions
Reading for Meaning: The Thesis Statement and Key Elements of Paragraphs
Identify the Key Elements of Paragraphs
Identify the Central Thought or Thesis Statement Highlighting and Annotating
Highlight Key Points
Use Annotations
After Reading: Reviewing the Material
Conduct an Immediate Review
Write a Summary
Draw a Graphic Organizer
Create an Outline to Help You Study
Specialized Reading Strategies
Look Closely at Unfamiliar Words
Learn How to Handle Difficult Reading Material
Use the Special Features of Your Textbooks
Recognize the Importance of Visual Aids
Chapter 3. Critical Reading and Thinking Strategies
What Is Critical Thinking?
Strategies for Analyzing What You Read
Examine the Author’s Purpose, Style, and Intended Audience
Examine Word Choice
Distinguish Fact from Opinion
Analyze the Author’s Tone
Look for Purposeful Omissions
Make Reasonable Inferences
Strategies for Evaluating What You Read
Identify Bias
Evaluate Information Sources
Evaluate the Reliability of Information
Examine the Relevance and Sufficiency of Evidence
Recognize Assumptions
Analyzing and Evaluating Visual Aids
Photographs and Other Images
Graphics and Tables
Responding to Texts and Visual Aids with Journals and Response Papers
Keep a Journal
Write in Response to a Reading Chapter 4. Prewriting: How to Find and Focus Ideas
Choosing a Topic
Narrowing a Topic
Using a Branching Diagram
Asking Questions to Narrow a Broad Topic
Thinking about Your Purpose, Audience, and Point of View
Determining Your Purpose
Considering Your Audience
Choosing a Point of View
Discovering Ideas to Write About
Freewriting
Mapping
Brainstorming
Questioning
Writing Assertions
Visualizing or Sketching
Researching Your Topic
Students Write Chapter 5. Developing and Supporting a Thesis
What Is a Thesis Statement?
Developing a Working Thesis Statement
Writing an Effective Thesis Statement
Placing the Thesis Statement
Using an Implied Thesis
Supporting Your Thesis Statement with Evidence
Choosing Types of Evidence
Collecting Evidence to Support Your Thesis
Choosing the Best Evidence
Choosing Evidence for Academic Writing
Using Sources to Support Your Thesis
Students Write Chapter 6. Writing Effective Paragraphs
The Structure of a Paragraph
Writing a Topic Sentence
A Topic Sentence Should Focus the Paragraph
A Topic Sentence May Preview the Organization of the Paragraph
A Topic Sentence Should Support Your Thesis
A Topic Sentence Should Be Strategically Placed
Including Supporting Details
Effective Paragraphs Have Unity
Effective Paragraphs Are Well Developed
Effective Paragraphs Provide Specific Supporting Details Arranged in a Logical Manner
Using Transitions and Repetition
Students Write
Analyzing the Writer’s Technique Chapter 7. Drafting an Essay
The Structure of an Essay
Organizing Your Supporting Details
Selecting a Method of Organization
Preparing an Outline or a Graphic Organizer
Writing a Draft
Using Transitions and Repetition to Connect Your Ideas
Using Transitional Expressions to Connect Ideas
Using Repeated Words to Connect Ideas
Writing Your Introduction, Conclusion, and Title
Writing a Strong Introduction
Writing an Effective Conclusion
Writing a Good Title
Students Write
Analyzing the Writer’s Technique Chapter 8 Revising Content and Organization
Useful Techniques for Revision
Key Questions for Revision
Analyzing Your Purpose and Audience
Evaluating Your Thesis Statement, Topic Sentences, and Evidence
Evaluating Your Organization
Evaluating Your Introduction, Conclusion, and Title
Evaluating Your Paragraph Development
Working with Classmates to Revise Your Essay
How to Find a Good Reviewer
Suggestions for the Writer
Suggestions for the Reviewer
Using Your Instructor’s Comments
Revising an Essay Using Your Instructor’s Comments
Using Your Instructor’s Comments to Improve Future Essays
Editing and Proofreading
Editing Your Essay
Proofreading Your Essay
Students Write
Christine Lee (student), A Trend Taken Too Far
Analyzing the Writer’s Technique PART 2: READINGS FOR WRITERS
Chapter 9. Patterns: An Introduction
An Overview of Patterns
Combining Patterns
Writing an Essay That Combines Patterns
Guidelines for Using Chapters 10-18 Chapter 10. Narration: Recounting Events
What Is Narration?
A Model Narration Essay
Alton Fitzgerald White, Right Place, Wrong Face The Structure and Content of Narration Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Narration Essays
Understanding a Narration Essay
Analyzing a Narration Essay
Evaluating a Narration Essay
Writing Your Own Narration Essay
A Student Model Narration Essay
Mina Raine, Taking Back Control
Responding to Raine’s Essay Finding Ideas for Your Narration Essay
Choosing an Event or Incident for Your Narration Essay
Gathering Details about the Experience or Incident
Developing and Supporting a Thesis Drafting Your Narration Essay
Revising Your Narration Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
Sherry Amatenstein, Talking a Stranger through the Night
*Roger Porter, A New Interpretation of Tears
*Anna Erelle, Excerpt from In the Skin of a Jihadist: A Young Journalist Enters the ISIS Recruitment Network
COMBINED PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Ben Beekman and George Beekman, History of the Future
Working with Narration as a Reader and Writer Chapter 11. Description: Portraying People, Places, and Things
What Is Description?
A Model Description Essay
Jeremy MacClancy, Eating Chilli Peppers
The Structure and Content of Description Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Description Essays
Understanding a Description Essay Analyzing a Description Essay
Evaluating a Description Essay
Writing Your Own Description Essay
A Student Model Description Essay
*Madelieine Massey, Small Town New Orleans
Responding to Massey’s Essay Finding Ideas for Your Description Essay
Choosing a Subject for Your Description Essay
Collecting Details That Describe Your Subject
Finding Comparisons and Choosing a Vantage Point
Creating a Dominant Impression
Drafting Your Description Essay Revising Your Description Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
Richard Selzer, The Discus Thrower
*Jordan Kisner, Rain Is Sizzling Bacon, Cars Are Lions Roaring: The Art of Sound in Movies
Veronica Chambers, The Secret Latina
COMBINED PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: FILM STUDIES Louis Giannetti, Costumes
Working with Description as a Reader and Writer Chapter 12. Illustration: Explaining with Examples
What Is Illustration?
A Model Illustration Essay
Bill Bryson, Snoopers at Work
The Structure and Content of Illustration Essays Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Illustration Essays
Understanding an Illustration Essay
Analyzing an Illustration Essay
Evaluating an Illustration Essay
Writing Your Own Illustration Essay
A Student Model Illustration Essay
*Kaitlyn Frey, Waste, Away! Responding to Frey’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Illustration Essay
Choosing a Subject for Your Illustration Essay
Gathering Examples for Your Illustration Essay
Developing and Supporting Your Thesis
Drafting Your Illustration Essay
Revising Your Illustration Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
*Michael Hanlon, What Happened to Innovation?
Cristina Rouvalis, Hey Mom, Dad, May I Have My Room Back?
Brent Staples, Just Walk On By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space
COMBINED PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: ART APPRECIATION
Patrick Frank, Issue-Oriented and Street Art Working with Illustration as a Reader and Writer Chapter 13. Process Analysis: Explaining How Something Works or Is Done
What Is Process Analysis?
A Model Process Analysis Essay
*Eric Rosenberg, How to Make Money with YouTube
The Structure and Content of Process Analysis Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Process Analysis Essays
Understanding a Process Analysis Essay
Analyzing a Process Analysis Essay
Evaluating a Process Analysis Essay
Writing Your Own Process Analysis Essay
A Student Model Process Analysis Essay Aurora Gilbert, The Pleasures and Particulars of Philanthropy: How to Publicize Your Fund-Raising Event
Responding to Gilbert’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Process Analysis Essay
Choosing a Process for Your Essay Developing and Supporting Your Thesis
Listing the Steps and Gathering Details
Drafting Your Process Analysis Essay
Revising Your Process Analysis Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
*Austin Netzley, 8 Steps to Pay Off $81, of Debt in Less Than 3 Years
*Scott Matteson, How Does Google Search Really Work?
COMBINED PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: PSYCHOLOGY
*Carole Wade, Carol Tarvis, and Maryanne Garry, The Nature of Stress Working with Process Analysis as a Reader and Writer Chapter 14. Comparison and Contrast: Showing Similarities and Differences
What Is Comparison and Contrast?
A Model Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Dave Barry, We’ve Got the Dirt on Guy Brains
The Structure and Content of Comparison-and-Contrast Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Comparison-and-Contrast Essays Understanding a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Analyzing a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Evaluating a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Writing Your Own Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
A Student Model Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Heather Gianakos, Border Bites
Responding to Gianakos’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Choosing a Basis of Comparison and a Purpose
Discovering Similarities and Differences and Generating Details
Developing and Supporting Your Thesis
Selecting Points of Comparison
Drafting Your Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Revising Your Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
*Sara Rashkin, What Kind of H2O Should You Drink? We Asked L.A.’s Only Water Sommelier
Deborah Tannen, Sex, Lies, and Conversation
Amy Chua, Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior
COMBINEDPATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: PSYCHOLOGY Carole Wade and Carol Tavris, Dealing with Cultural Differences
Working with Comparison and Contrast as a Reader and Writer Chapter 15. Classification and Division: Explaining Categories and Parts
What Are Classification and Division?
A Model Classification Essay
Joshua Fruhlinger, Online Dating — Five Things to Avoid
The Structure and Content of Classification and Division Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Classification and Division Essays
Understanding a Classification or Division Essay
Analyzing a Classification or Division Essay
Evaluating a Classification or Division Essay
Writing Your Own Classification or Division Essay
A Student Model Classification Essay
Maris Vasquez, A Profile of Facebook Users
Responding to Vasquez’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Classification or Division Essay
Planning Your Classification or Division Essay
Choosing a Principle of Classification or Division
Choosing Categories or Parts
Identifying the Key Features of Each Category or Part
Developing and Supporting Your Thesis
Drafting Your Classification or Division Essay
Revising Your Classification or Division Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing Mindy Kaling, Types of Women in Romantic Comedies Who Are Not Real
David Bodanis, A Brush with Reality: Surprises in the Tube
COMBINING THE PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: HEALTH
*April Lynch, Barry Elmore, and Jerome Kotecki, Addiction
Working with Classification and Division as a Reader and Writer
Chapter 16. Definition: Explaining What You Mean
What Is Definition?
A Model Definition Essay
*Roland Kelts, The Satori Generation
The Structure and Content of Definition Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Definition Essays
Understanding a Definition Essay
Analyzing a Definition Essay
Evaluating a Definition Essay
Writing Your Own Definition Essay
A Student Model Definition Essay *Sarah Frey, Woman of Many Talents
Responding to Frey’s Essay Finding Ideas for Your Definition Essay
Planning Your Definition Essay
Developing and Supporting Your Thesis
Drafting Your Definition Essay
Revising Your Definition Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
Lars Eighner, On Dumpster Diving
Bethe Dufresne, Gullible Travels
Stefany Anne Golberg, Can You See Me Now? Deaf America COMBINED PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: PUBLIC RELATIONS
*Dennis Wilcox, Glen Cameron, and Bryan Reber, The Cult of Celebrity
Working with Definition as a Reader and Writer
Chapter 17. Cause and Effect: Using Reasons and Results to Explain
What Are Causes and Effects?
A Model Cause-and-Effect Essay Amy Tan, E. coli on the Rocks
The Structure and Content of Cause-and-Effect Essays Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Cause-and-Effect Essays
Understanding a Cause-and-Effect Essay
Analyzing a Cause-and-Effect Essay
Evaluating a Cause-and-Effect Essay
Writing Your Own Cause-and-Effect Essay
A Student Model Cause-and-Effect Essay
Nathan Nguyen, Gambling on Our Future
Responding to Nguyen’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Cause-and-Effect Essay
Selecting an Event to Write About Discovering Causes and Effects
Identifying Primary Causes and Effects Developing Your Thesis
Drafting Your Cause-and-Effect Essay
Revising Your Cause-and-Effect Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
*Katie Wheeling, Why Do Violent Videos Go Viral?
*Hara Estroff Marano, Why We Procrastinate
*Fred Pearce, TV as Birth Control: Defusing the Population Bomb
COMBINING THE PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: NUTRITION
*Joan Salge Blake, Kathy D. Munoz, and Stella Volpe, What Factors Contribute to Hunger around the World?
Working with Cause and Effect as a Reader and Writer
Chapter 18. Argumentation: Supporting a Claim
What Is an Argument?
A Model Argument Essay
Lisa M. Hamilton, Eating Meat for the Environment
The Structure and Content of Argument Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Argument Essays
Understanding an Argument Essay
Analyzing an Argument Essay
Evaluating an Argument Essay
Writing Your Own Argument Essay
A Student Model Argument Essay
James Sturm, Pull the Plug on Explicit Lyrics
Responding to Sturm’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Argument Essay
Selecting an Issue to Write About
Considering Your Audience
Developing a Claim in Your Thesis
Considering Opposing Viewpoints
Drafting Your Argument Essay
Revising Your Argument Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
*Soujourner Truth, Ain’t I a Woman? Sebastian Junger, Why Would Anyone Miss War?
*Brittney Cooper, The Racial Parenting Divide: What Adrian Peterson Reveals about Black vs. White Child-Rearing
ARGUMENT PAIR: DEBATING A HIGHER MINIMUM WAGE *Robert Reich, Why We Should Raise the Minimum Wage
*Reihan Salam, The Fight Against 15
ARGUMENT PAIR: DEBATING MULTITASKING
Peter Bregman, How (and Why) to Stop Multitasking
David Silverman, In Defense of Multitasking
Working with Argument as a Reader and Writer PART 3: STUDENT RESEARCH GUIDE
Chapter 19. Finding and Using Sources
Primary and Secondary Sources
How to Locate Sources
Locating Useful Library Sources
Doing Research on the World Wide Web Evaluating Sources for Relevance and Reliability
Questions for Evaluating Sources for Relevance
Questions for Evaluating Sources for Reliability
Working with Text: Reading Sources
Extracting Information from Sources
Gathering Necessary Citation Information
Systems of Note-Taking
Writing Summary Notes
Writing Paraphrases
Recording Quotations
Avoiding Plagiarism
What Counts as Plagiarism
How to Avoid Plagiarism *Chapter 20. Documenting Your Sources
Documenting Sources in MLA Style
MLA-Style In-Text Citations
MLA-Style List of Works Cited
Some MLA-Style Models
Sample Pages from an MLA-Style Paper
*Documenting Sources in APA Style
*APA-Style In-Text Citations
*APA-Style List of References
*Some APA-Style Models *Sample Pages from an APA-Style Paper
*PART 4: HANDBOOK: WRITING PROBLEMS AND HOW TO CORRECT THEM
*Review of Basic Grammar
*1 Parts of Speech
*2 Sentence Structure
*Writing Correct Sentences
*3 Sentence Fragments
*4 Run-on Sentences and Comma Splices
*5 Subject-Verb Agreement
*6 Verb Forms *7 Pronoun Problems
*8 Shifts and Mixed Constructions
*9 Adjectives and Adverbs
*10 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
*Using Punctuation and Mechanics Correctly
*11 End Punctuation
*12 Commas
*13 Semicolons
*14 Colons
*15 Quotation Marks, Ellipses, and Brackets
*16 Apostrophes
*17 Dashes
*18 Capitalization and Italics/Underlining *Answers to Even-Numbered Exercises in Handbook
Index
*New to this edition PART 1: SKILLS FOR SUCCESS IN READING AND WRITING
Chapter 1. Succeeding in College
*Robinson Meyer, To Remember a Lecture Better, Take Notes by Hand
Strategies for College Success
Manage Your Time
Organize a Reading, Writing, and Study Area
Develop Concentration Skills
Manage Stress
Classroom Skills
Polish Your Academic Image
Demonstrate Academic Integrity
Communicate with Your Instructors
Use Electronic Tools Effectively
Listen Carefully and Critically
Ask and Answer Questions
Work with Classmates
Take Effective Notes in Class
Manage Online Course Work Chapter 2. Active Reading
Strategies for Active Reading
Before Reading: Previewing and Forming Prereading Questions
Morgan Lowrie, Comparing Online and Traditional Education
Preview
Form Prereading Questions
Reading for Meaning: The Thesis Statement and Key Elements of Paragraphs
Identify the Key Elements of Paragraphs
Identify the Central Thought or Thesis Statement Highlighting and Annotating
Highlight Key Points
Use Annotations
After Reading: Reviewing the Material
Conduct an Immediate Review
Write a Summary
Draw a Graphic Organizer
Create an Outline to Help You Study
Specialized Reading Strategies
Look Closely at Unfamiliar Words
Learn How to Handle Difficult Reading Material
Use the Special Features of Your Textbooks
Recognize the Importance of Visual Aids
Chapter 3. Critical Reading and Thinking Strategies
What Is Critical Thinking?
Strategies for Analyzing What You Read
Examine the Author’s Purpose, Style, and Intended Audience
Examine Word Choice
Distinguish Fact from Opinion
Analyze the Author’s Tone
Look for Purposeful Omissions
Make Reasonable Inferences
Strategies for Evaluating What You Read
Identify Bias
Evaluate Information Sources
Evaluate the Reliability of Information
Examine the Relevance and Sufficiency of Evidence
Recognize Assumptions
Analyzing and Evaluating Visual Aids
Photographs and Other Images
Graphics and Tables
Responding to Texts and Visual Aids with Journals and Response Papers
Keep a Journal
Write in Response to a Reading Chapter 4. Prewriting: How to Find and Focus Ideas
Choosing a Topic
Narrowing a Topic
Using a Branching Diagram
Asking Questions to Narrow a Broad Topic
Thinking about Your Purpose, Audience, and Point of View
Determining Your Purpose
Considering Your Audience
Choosing a Point of View
Discovering Ideas to Write About
Freewriting
Mapping
Brainstorming
Questioning
Writing Assertions
Visualizing or Sketching
Researching Your Topic
Students Write Chapter 5. Developing and Supporting a Thesis
What Is a Thesis Statement?
Developing a Working Thesis Statement
Writing an Effective Thesis Statement
Placing the Thesis Statement
Using an Implied Thesis
Supporting Your Thesis Statement with Evidence
Choosing Types of Evidence
Collecting Evidence to Support Your Thesis
Choosing the Best Evidence
Choosing Evidence for Academic Writing
Using Sources to Support Your Thesis
Students Write Chapter 6. Writing Effective Paragraphs
The Structure of a Paragraph
Writing a Topic Sentence
A Topic Sentence Should Focus the Paragraph
A Topic Sentence May Preview the Organization of the Paragraph
A Topic Sentence Should Support Your Thesis
A Topic Sentence Should Be Strategically Placed
Including Supporting Details
Effective Paragraphs Have Unity
Effective Paragraphs Are Well Developed
Effective Paragraphs Provide Specific Supporting Details Arranged in a Logical Manner
Using Transitions and Repetition
Students Write
Analyzing the Writer’s Technique Chapter 7. Drafting an Essay
The Structure of an Essay
Organizing Your Supporting Details
Selecting a Method of Organization
Preparing an Outline or a Graphic Organizer
Writing a Draft
Using Transitions and Repetition to Connect Your Ideas
Using Transitional Expressions to Connect Ideas
Using Repeated Words to Connect Ideas
Writing Your Introduction, Conclusion, and Title
Writing a Strong Introduction
Writing an Effective Conclusion
Writing a Good Title
Students Write
Analyzing the Writer’s Technique Chapter 8 Revising Content and Organization
Useful Techniques for Revision
Key Questions for Revision
Analyzing Your Purpose and Audience
Evaluating Your Thesis Statement, Topic Sentences, and Evidence
Evaluating Your Organization
Evaluating Your Introduction, Conclusion, and Title
Evaluating Your Paragraph Development
Working with Classmates to Revise Your Essay
How to Find a Good Reviewer
Suggestions for the Writer
Suggestions for the Reviewer
Using Your Instructor’s Comments
Revising an Essay Using Your Instructor’s Comments
Using Your Instructor’s Comments to Improve Future Essays
Editing and Proofreading
Editing Your Essay
Proofreading Your Essay
Students Write
Christine Lee (student), A Trend Taken Too Far
Analyzing the Writer’s Technique PART 2: READINGS FOR WRITERS
Chapter 9. Patterns: An Introduction
An Overview of Patterns
Combining Patterns
Writing an Essay That Combines Patterns
Guidelines for Using Chapters 10-18 Chapter 10. Narration: Recounting Events
What Is Narration?
A Model Narration Essay
Alton Fitzgerald White, Right Place, Wrong Face The Structure and Content of Narration Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Narration Essays
Understanding a Narration Essay
Analyzing a Narration Essay
Evaluating a Narration Essay
Writing Your Own Narration Essay
A Student Model Narration Essay
Mina Raine, Taking Back Control
Responding to Raine’s Essay Finding Ideas for Your Narration Essay
Choosing an Event or Incident for Your Narration Essay
Gathering Details about the Experience or Incident
Developing and Supporting a Thesis Drafting Your Narration Essay
Revising Your Narration Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
Sherry Amatenstein, Talking a Stranger through the Night
*Roger Porter, A New Interpretation of Tears
*Anna Erelle, Excerpt from In the Skin of a Jihadist: A Young Journalist Enters the ISIS Recruitment Network
COMBINED PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Ben Beekman and George Beekman, History of the Future
Working with Narration as a Reader and Writer Chapter 11. Description: Portraying People, Places, and Things
What Is Description?
A Model Description Essay
Jeremy MacClancy, Eating Chilli Peppers
The Structure and Content of Description Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Description Essays
Understanding a Description Essay Analyzing a Description Essay
Evaluating a Description Essay
Writing Your Own Description Essay
A Student Model Description Essay
*Madelieine Massey, Small Town New Orleans
Responding to Massey’s Essay Finding Ideas for Your Description Essay
Choosing a Subject for Your Description Essay
Collecting Details That Describe Your Subject
Finding Comparisons and Choosing a Vantage Point
Creating a Dominant Impression
Drafting Your Description Essay Revising Your Description Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
Richard Selzer, The Discus Thrower
*Jordan Kisner, Rain Is Sizzling Bacon, Cars Are Lions Roaring: The Art of Sound in Movies
Veronica Chambers, The Secret Latina
COMBINED PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: FILM STUDIES Louis Giannetti, Costumes
Working with Description as a Reader and Writer Chapter 12. Illustration: Explaining with Examples
What Is Illustration?
A Model Illustration Essay
Bill Bryson, Snoopers at Work
The Structure and Content of Illustration Essays Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Illustration Essays
Understanding an Illustration Essay
Analyzing an Illustration Essay
Evaluating an Illustration Essay
Writing Your Own Illustration Essay
A Student Model Illustration Essay
*Kaitlyn Frey, Waste, Away! Responding to Frey’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Illustration Essay
Choosing a Subject for Your Illustration Essay
Gathering Examples for Your Illustration Essay
Developing and Supporting Your Thesis
Drafting Your Illustration Essay
Revising Your Illustration Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
*Michael Hanlon, What Happened to Innovation?
Cristina Rouvalis, Hey Mom, Dad, May I Have My Room Back?
Brent Staples, Just Walk On By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space
COMBINED PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: ART APPRECIATION
Patrick Frank, Issue-Oriented and Street Art Working with Illustration as a Reader and Writer Chapter 13. Process Analysis: Explaining How Something Works or Is Done
What Is Process Analysis?
A Model Process Analysis Essay
*Eric Rosenberg, How to Make Money with YouTube
The Structure and Content of Process Analysis Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Process Analysis Essays
Understanding a Process Analysis Essay
Analyzing a Process Analysis Essay
Evaluating a Process Analysis Essay
Writing Your Own Process Analysis Essay
A Student Model Process Analysis Essay Aurora Gilbert, The Pleasures and Particulars of Philanthropy: How to Publicize Your Fund-Raising Event
Responding to Gilbert’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Process Analysis Essay
Choosing a Process for Your Essay Developing and Supporting Your Thesis
Listing the Steps and Gathering Details
Drafting Your Process Analysis Essay
Revising Your Process Analysis Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
*Austin Netzley, 8 Steps to Pay Off $81, of Debt in Less Than 3 Years
*Scott Matteson, How Does Google Search Really Work?
COMBINED PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: PSYCHOLOGY
*Carole Wade, Carol Tarvis, and Maryanne Garry, The Nature of Stress Working with Process Analysis as a Reader and Writer Chapter 14. Comparison and Contrast: Showing Similarities and Differences
What Is Comparison and Contrast?
A Model Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Dave Barry, We’ve Got the Dirt on Guy Brains
The Structure and Content of Comparison-and-Contrast Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Comparison-and-Contrast Essays Understanding a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Analyzing a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Evaluating a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Writing Your Own Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
A Student Model Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Heather Gianakos, Border Bites
Responding to Gianakos’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Choosing a Basis of Comparison and a Purpose
Discovering Similarities and Differences and Generating Details
Developing and Supporting Your Thesis
Selecting Points of Comparison
Drafting Your Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Revising Your Comparison-and-Contrast Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
*Sara Rashkin, What Kind of H2O Should You Drink? We Asked L.A.’s Only Water Sommelier
Deborah Tannen, Sex, Lies, and Conversation
Amy Chua, Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior
COMBINEDPATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: PSYCHOLOGY Carole Wade and Carol Tavris, Dealing with Cultural Differences
Working with Comparison and Contrast as a Reader and Writer Chapter 15. Classification and Division: Explaining Categories and Parts
What Are Classification and Division?
A Model Classification Essay
Joshua Fruhlinger, Online Dating — Five Things to Avoid
The Structure and Content of Classification and Division Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Classification and Division Essays
Understanding a Classification or Division Essay
Analyzing a Classification or Division Essay
Evaluating a Classification or Division Essay
Writing Your Own Classification or Division Essay
A Student Model Classification Essay
Maris Vasquez, A Profile of Facebook Users
Responding to Vasquez’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Classification or Division Essay
Planning Your Classification or Division Essay
Choosing a Principle of Classification or Division
Choosing Categories or Parts
Identifying the Key Features of Each Category or Part
Developing and Supporting Your Thesis
Drafting Your Classification or Division Essay
Revising Your Classification or Division Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing Mindy Kaling, Types of Women in Romantic Comedies Who Are Not Real
David Bodanis, A Brush with Reality: Surprises in the Tube
COMBINING THE PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: HEALTH
*April Lynch, Barry Elmore, and Jerome Kotecki, Addiction
Working with Classification and Division as a Reader and Writer
Chapter 16. Definition: Explaining What You Mean
What Is Definition?
A Model Definition Essay
*Roland Kelts, The Satori Generation
The Structure and Content of Definition Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Definition Essays
Understanding a Definition Essay
Analyzing a Definition Essay
Evaluating a Definition Essay
Writing Your Own Definition Essay
A Student Model Definition Essay *Sarah Frey, Woman of Many Talents
Responding to Frey’s Essay Finding Ideas for Your Definition Essay
Planning Your Definition Essay
Developing and Supporting Your Thesis
Drafting Your Definition Essay
Revising Your Definition Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
Lars Eighner, On Dumpster Diving
Bethe Dufresne, Gullible Travels
Stefany Anne Golberg, Can You See Me Now? Deaf America COMBINED PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: PUBLIC RELATIONS
*Dennis Wilcox, Glen Cameron, and Bryan Reber, The Cult of Celebrity
Working with Definition as a Reader and Writer
Chapter 17. Cause and Effect: Using Reasons and Results to Explain
What Are Causes and Effects?
A Model Cause-and-Effect Essay Amy Tan, E. coli on the Rocks
The Structure and Content of Cause-and-Effect Essays Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Cause-and-Effect Essays
Understanding a Cause-and-Effect Essay
Analyzing a Cause-and-Effect Essay
Evaluating a Cause-and-Effect Essay
Writing Your Own Cause-and-Effect Essay
A Student Model Cause-and-Effect Essay
Nathan Nguyen, Gambling on Our Future
Responding to Nguyen’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Cause-and-Effect Essay
Selecting an Event to Write About Discovering Causes and Effects
Identifying Primary Causes and Effects Developing Your Thesis
Drafting Your Cause-and-Effect Essay
Revising Your Cause-and-Effect Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
*Katie Wheeling, Why Do Violent Videos Go Viral?
*Hara Estroff Marano, Why We Procrastinate
*Fred Pearce, TV as Birth Control: Defusing the Population Bomb
COMBINING THE PATTERNS | TEXTBOOK EXCERPT: NUTRITION
*Joan Salge Blake, Kathy D. Munoz, and Stella Volpe, What Factors Contribute to Hunger around the World?
Working with Cause and Effect as a Reader and Writer
Chapter 18. Argumentation: Supporting a Claim
What Is an Argument?
A Model Argument Essay
Lisa M. Hamilton, Eating Meat for the Environment
The Structure and Content of Argument Essays
Understanding, Analyzing, and Evaluating Argument Essays
Understanding an Argument Essay
Analyzing an Argument Essay
Evaluating an Argument Essay
Writing Your Own Argument Essay
A Student Model Argument Essay
James Sturm, Pull the Plug on Explicit Lyrics
Responding to Sturm’s Essay
Finding Ideas for Your Argument Essay
Selecting an Issue to Write About
Considering Your Audience
Developing a Claim in Your Thesis
Considering Opposing Viewpoints
Drafting Your Argument Essay
Revising Your Argument Essay
Editing and Proofreading Your Essay
Readings for Practice, Ideas for Writing
*Soujourner Truth, Ain’t I a Woman? Sebastian Junger, Why Would Anyone Miss War?
*Brittney Cooper, The Racial Parenting Divide: What Adrian Peterson Reveals about Black vs. White Child-Rearing
ARGUMENT PAIR: DEBATING A HIGHER MINIMUM WAGE *Robert Reich, Why We Should Raise the Minimum Wage
*Reihan Salam, The Fight Against 15
ARGUMENT PAIR: DEBATING MULTITASKING
Peter Bregman, How (and Why) to Stop Multitasking
David Silverman, In Defense of Multitasking
Working with Argument as a Reader and Writer PART 3: STUDENT RESEARCH GUIDE
Chapter 19. Finding and Using Sources
Primary and Secondary Sources
How to Locate Sources
Locating Useful Library Sources
Doing Research on the World Wide Web Evaluating Sources for Relevance and Reliability
Questions for Evaluating Sources for Relevance
Questions for Evaluating Sources for Reliability
Working with Text: Reading Sources
Extracting Information from Sources
Gathering Necessary Citation Information
Systems of Note-Taking
Writing Summary Notes
Writing Paraphrases
Recording Quotations
Avoiding Plagiarism
What Counts as Plagiarism
How to Avoid Plagiarism *Chapter 20. Documenting Your Sources
Documenting Sources in MLA Style
MLA-Style In-Text Citations
MLA-Style List of Works Cited
Some MLA-Style Models
Sample Pages from an MLA-Style Paper
*Documenting Sources in APA Style
*APA-Style In-Text Citations
*APA-Style List of References
*Some APA-Style Models *Sample Pages from an APA-Style Paper
*PART 4: HANDBOOK: WRITING PROBLEMS AND HOW TO CORRECT THEM
*Review of Basic Grammar
*1 Parts of Speech
*2 Sentence Structure
*Writing Correct Sentences
*3 Sentence Fragments
*4 Run-on Sentences and Comma Splices
*5 Subject-Verb Agreement
*6 Verb Forms *7 Pronoun Problems
*8 Shifts and Mixed Constructions
*9 Adjectives and Adverbs
*10 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
*Using Punctuation and Mechanics Correctly
*11 End Punctuation
*12 Commas
*13 Semicolons
*14 Colons
*15 Quotation Marks, Ellipses, and Brackets
*16 Apostrophes
*17 Dashes
*18 Capitalization and Italics/Underlining *Answers to Even-Numbered Exercises in Handbook
Index
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