Regulatory Realities

This book describes how enhanced industrial environmental regulation can lead to improved industrial environmental performance at reduced cost. It examines the implementation and impact of different approaches and compares mandatory and voluntary regulations in the UK and Europe.

Boxes, Tables and Figures

viii

Acronyms and Abbreviations

ix

Preface

x

Acknowledgements

xii

Environment, Economy and Policy Reform

1

(18)

Introduction

1

(1)

The Nature of Ecological Modernization

2

(1)

The Merits of Ecological Modernization

3

(1)

Integrating Environment and the Macro-Economy

4

(2)

The Evolution of Environmental Policy

6

(2)

The Barriers to Environmental Policy Reform

8

(2)

The Capacities for Environmental Policy Reform

10

(3)

What Role for Implementation?

13

(4)

Conclusions

17

(2)

Environment, Innovation and Technical Change

19

(20)

Introduction

19

(2)

The Evolution of Industrial Environmental Management

21

(2)

The Barriers to Change

23

(2)

The Nature of Innovation

25

(1)

The Proces of Innovation

26

(1)

The Supply and Demand for Innovation

27

(2)

Perspectives on Innovation and Environment

29

(5)

The Conceptual Framework

34

(3)

Conclusions

37

(2)

Mandatory Regulation and the European Union's Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive

39

(15)

Introduction

39

(1)

The Nature of Mandatory Regulation

40

(2)

The Practice of Mandatory Regulation

42

(2)

The Case for Integrated Pollution Control

44

(1)

The EU's Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive

45

(3)

The Design and Implementation of Mandatory Environmental Regulation: Analytical Variables for the Case of IPPC

48

(4)

Conclusions

52

(2)

Voluntary Regulation and the European Union's Eco-Management and Audit Scheme

54

(16)

Introduction

54

(1)

Defining Voluntary Regulation

55

(3)

The Case for Voluntary Regulation

58

(1)

The Case of the EU's Eco-Management and Audit Scheme

59

(3)

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Environmental Management Systems Standards

62

(2)

The Design and Implementation of Voluntary Environmental Regulation: Analytical Variables for the Case of EMAS

64

(4)

Conclusions

68

(2)

The Implementation and Impact of Industrial Environmental Regulation in the UK

70

(33)

Introduction

70

(1)

The UK Context for Environmental Policy

71

(2)

The UK Environmental Policy Framework in the 1990s

73

(2)

Mandatory Environmental Regulation in the UK: The Case of Integrated Pollution Control

75

(8)

The Impact of Mandatory Environmental Regulation in the UK: The Case of Integrated Pollution Control

83

(4)

Summary: The Implementation and Impact of IPC in the UK

87

(2)

Voluntary Regulation in the UK: The Case of the EU's Eco-Management and Audit Scheme

89

(4)

Implementation Styles and EMAS in the UK

93

(3)

The Impact of Voluntary Regulation in the UK: The Case of the EU's Eco-Management and Audit Scheme

96

(3)

Summary: The Implementation and Impact of EMAS in the UK

99

(2)

Conclusions

101

(2)

The Implementation and Impact of Industrial Environmental Regulation in The Netherlands

103

(32)

Introduction

103

(1)

The Dutch Context for Environmental Policy

104

(1)

The Dutch Environmental Policy Framework in the 1990s

105

(2)

Implementing the NEPPs: Covenants and Company Environmental Plans

107

(2)

Mandatory Environmental Regulation in The Netherlands: The Case of Industrial Pollution Control

109

(7)

The Impact of Environmental Regulation in The Netherlands: The Case of the NEPP Framework and Mandatory Regulation

116

(5)

Summary: The Implementation and Impact of Industrial Environmental Regulation in The Netherlands

121

(1)

Voluntary Regulation in The Netherlands: The case of the EU's Eco-Management and Audit Scheme

122

(6)

The Impact of Voluntary Regulation in the Netherlands: The Case of EMAS

128

(3)

Summary: The Implementation and Impact of EMAS in The Netherlands

131

(1)

Conclusions

132

(3)

Summary and Synthesis: Reshaping Regulatory Realities

135

(24)

Introduction

135

(1)

The Implementation of Mandatory Environmental Regulation

136

(7)

The Implementation of Voluntary Environmental Regulation

143

(6)

The Impact of Industrial Environmental Regulation

149

(6)

Policy Prescriptions: Towards a Composite Model of Industrial Environmental Regulation

155

(2)

Conclusions

157

(2)

References

159

(8)

Index

167

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Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Regulatory Realities

Summary

Table of Contents

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