Rehabilitation Engineering Applied to

A wide-ranging but concise introduction to the legislative, technological, testing & design basis of rehabilitation engineering including the fundamentals of design & materials & a full account of the biomechanics of rehabilitation. Deals with various aspects of mobility, including detailed discussion of wheelchair design. Valuable additional material deals with seating prosthetic devices, robotics, recreational devices & vehicles. Includes more than a thousand references to the research & review literature.

Preface

xiii

Introduction

1

(29)

Rehabilitation Engineering

1

(3)

US Legislation Influencing Rehabilitation Engineering

4

(3)

International Policy Influencing Rehabilitation Engineering

7

(4)

Assistive Technology

11

(4)

Rehabilitation Technology Suppliers

15

(1)

Engineering Acceptable Performance

15

(1)

Rehabilitation Engineering Design

16

(2)

Assistive Technology Design Criteria

18

(5)

Product Testing

23

(1)

Summary

24

(6)

Further Reading and References

27

(3)

Fundamentals of Rehabilitation Engineering Design

30

(39)

Design Considerations

30

(5)

Total Quality Management in Rehabilitation Engineering

35

(7)

Steel as a Structural Material

42

(4)

Aluminium for Assistive Technology Design

46

(3)

Use of Composites for Assistive Technology Design

49

(1)

Design with Engineering Materials

50

(3)

Fabrication

53

(2)

Basic Electric Circuits

55

(14)

Further Reading and References

68

(1)

Biomechanics of Mobility and Manipulation

69

(86)

Human Motion Analysis

69

(21)

Gait Analysis

90

(19)

Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation for Movement Restoration

109

(6)

Biomechanics of Wheelchair Propulsion

115

(17)

Biomechanics of Seating

132

(6)

Biomechanics of Manipulation

138

(17)

Further Reading and References

144

(11)

Universal Design and Accessibility

155

(36)

Barrier-Free Design

155

(1)

Elemental Resource Model

156

(3)

Factors Affecting Barrier-Free Design

159

(6)

Interior Space Design

165

(1)

Design for People with Disabilities

166

(11)

Accessible Transportation

177

(5)

Access Legislation

182

(9)

Further Reading and References

187

(4)

Personal Transportation

191

(28)

Introduction

191

(2)

Selecting a Vehicle

193

(3)

Lift Mechanisms

196

(3)

Wheelchair Securement Systems

199

(3)

Passenger Restraint Systems

202

(8)

Automobile Hand-Controls

210

(5)

Control of Secondary Functions

215

(4)

Further Reading and References

217

(2)

Wheelchair Safety, Standards and Testing

219

(36)

Introduction

219

(1)

Standard Tests

219

(1)

Normative Values

220

(1)

Static Stability

220

(3)

A Geometric Approach to Static Stability

223

(1)

Stability with Road Crown and Inclination

224

(4)

Impact Strength Tests

228

(7)

Fatigue Strength Tests

235

(6)

Finite-Element Modeling Applied to Wheelchair Design / Testing

241

(2)

Test Dummies

243

(1)

Power Wheelchair Range Testing

244

(3)

Power Wheelchair Controller Performance

247

(2)

Designing for Safe Operation

249

(6)

Further Reading and References

253

(2)

Manual Wheelchair Design

255

(36)

Introduction

255

(1)

Classes of Manual Wheelchairs

256

(5)

Frame Design

261

(4)

Materials

265

(7)

The Wheelchair and Rider

272

(7)

Wheels and Casters

279

(6)

Components

285

(1)

Human Factors Design Considerations

285

(3)

Future Directions

288

(3)

Further Reading and References

289

(2)

Power Wheelchair Design

291

(46)

Introduction

291

(1)

Classes of Power Wheelchairs

292

(1)

Motor Selection

292

(10)

Servoamplifiers

302

(5)

Microprocessor Control

307

(8)

Shared Control

315

(6)

Fault-Tolerant Control

321

(2)

Integrated Controllers

323

(2)

Electromagnetic Compatibility

325

(2)

Batteries

327

(1)

Gear-Boxes

328

(1)

User Interfaces

329

(8)

Further Reading and References

333

(4)

Postural Support and Seating

337

(41)

Seating and Postural Support Systems

337

(22)

Distribution of Stresses in Soft Tissues

359

(2)

Seating Pressure Measurement

361

(4)

Control Interface Integration

365

(3)

Multi-Configuration Seating and Postural Support Systems

368

(10)

Further Reading and References

375

(3)

Prosthetics and Orthotics

378

(50)

Introduction

378

(8)

Upper-Extremity Prostheses

386

(8)

Upper-Extremity Orthoses

394

(3)

Lower-Extremity Prostheses

397

(10)

Lower-Extremity Orthoses

407

(5)

Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation

412

(7)

Ambulation Aids

419

(3)

Aids to Daily Living

422

(6)

Further Reading and References

423

(5)

Recreational Devices and Vehicles

428

(28)

Introduction

428

(1)

Racing Wheelchairs

429

(9)

Arm-Powered Bicycles and Tricycles

438

(5)

Off-Road Vehicles

443

(2)

Water Sports

445

(2)

Adaptive Ski Equipment

447

(5)

Recreational Vehicles

452

(4)

Further Reading and References

454

(2)

Rehabilitation Robotics

456

(54)

Introduction

456

(7)

Components and Configurations of Robots

463

(5)

Robot Kinematics

468

(10)

Robot Motion

478

(8)

Robot Control

486

(8)

Robot Sensors

494

(8)

Human Interfaces to Robotic Systems

502

(8)

Further Reading and References

506

(4)

Index

510

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Rehabilitation Engineering Applied to Mobility and Manipulation

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials