Remedies in a Nutshell 2004

This Nutshell explains what remedies are and their history. Examines the basic rules for legal and equitable remedies, injunctions, damages, restitution, rescission, reformation, and specific performance. Explains how remedies are used for injuries to realty, personal property and money, personal interests, misrepresentation, mistake, duress, and breach of contract. Also addresses restitution for unenforceable contracts.

Preface

v

Table of Cases

xi

Introduction To Remedies

1

(10)

Coercive Remedies

3

(2)

Damages

5

(2)

Restitution

7

(1)

Attorneys' Fees and Jury Trials

8

(1)

Declaratory Remedies

9

(2)

The Significance of Remedial Characterizations

11

(11)

Remedies at Law and in Equity

13

(4)

Limitations on Remedies

17

(5)

Preventive Injunctions

22

(12)

Inadequacy of the Remedy at Law and Irreparable Harm

23

(4)

Imminency

27

(2)

Balance of Hardships and Public Interest

29

(5)

Specific Performance

34

(13)

Definite and Certain Terms

35

(1)

Ability to Perform

36

(1)

Inadequate Remedy at Law

36

(2)

Balance of Hardships

38

(1)

Fashioning Relief

39

(1)

Mutuality of Remedy

40

(3)

Personal Services

43

(1)

Uniform Commercial Code

44

(3)

Equitable Defenses

47

(13)

Laches and Estoppel

48

(3)

Unclean Hands

51

(1)

Unconscionability

52

(4)

Election of Remedies

56

(4)

Preliminary Injunctions and Temporary Restraining Orders

60

(12)

Preliminary Injunctions

63

(4)

Temporary Restraining Orders

67

(1)

Injunction Bonds

68

(4)

Contempt

72

(14)

Criminal Contempt

73

(5)

Indirect Criminal Contempt

74

(2)

Summary Criminal Contempt

76

(2)

Civil Contempt

78

(5)

Compensatory Civil Contempt

79

(1)

Coercive Civil Contempt

79

(4)

Significance of the Categorization

83

(3)

Procedural Differences

83

(1)

Relation to Underlying Action

83

(1)

Durability

84

(2)

Structural, Restorative, and Prophylactic Injunctions

86

(6)

Modern Forms and Functions of Injunctions

86

(1)

Structural Injunctions

87

(2)

Restorative Injunctions

89

(1)

Prophylactic Injunctions

90

(2)

Special Issues in Equity

92

(19)

Statutory Limitations on Discretion

92

(4)

Enjoining Speech

96

(3)

Enjoining Litigation

99

(3)

Enjoining Nuisances

102

(5)

Enjoining Crimes

107

(4)

Breach of Contract Remedies

111

(26)

Common Law Contract Damages

111

(12)

Expectancy

111

(1)

Reliance

112

(1)

Restitution

112

(2)

General and Special Damages

114

(1)

Cost Rule and Value Rule

115

(2)

New Business Rule

117

(1)

Liquidated Damages

118

(5)

Sale of Goods Contracts

123

(9)

Buyers' Remedies

123

(1)

Cover

124

(1)

Consequential Damages

125

(2)

Difference-in-Value Damages

127

(1)

Seller's Remedies

127

(1)

Resale Damages

128

(1)

Lost Profits

129

(3)

Action on the Price

132

(1)

Land Sale Contracts

132

(3)

Equitable Remedies

135

(2)

Rescission

135

(1)

Reformation

136

(1)

Tort Damages

137

(20)

Personal Property Damages

138

(6)

Destroyed Personal Property

139

(3)

Reparable Personal Property

142

(2)

Real Property Damages

144

(6)

Personal Injury Damages

150

(3)

Wrongful Death and Survival

153

(4)

Adjustments to Damages

157

(7)

Present Value and Inflation

157

(3)

Prejudgment Interest

160

(4)

Limitations on Compensatory Damages

164

(17)

Foreseeability

164

(7)

Certainty

171

(2)

Avoidable Consequences

173

(3)

Collateral Source Rule

176

(5)

Damages for Economic Loss or Distress Alone

181

(5)

Economic Loss Damages

181

(2)

Distress Damages

183

(3)

Punitive Damages

186

(13)

Entitlement

186

(2)

Punitive Damages for Breach of Contract

188

(2)

Measurement

190

(3)

Vicarious Liability

193

(1)

Constitutional Limits

194

(3)

Legislative Reform

197

(2)

Unjust Enrichment

199

(13)

The Unjust Enrichment Concept

199

(1)

Benefits Acquired by Mistake

200

(2)

Misrepresentation and Fraud

202

(1)

Quantum Meruit

203

(2)

Constructive Trusts and Equitable Liens

205

(4)

Waiver of Tort and Suit in Assumpsit

209

(3)

Limits on Restitutionary Remedies

212

(16)

Volunteers

212

(4)

Tracing

216

(5)

Bona Fide Purchaser

221

(4)

Change in Position

225

(3)

Jury Trials

228

(4)

Substantive Equity

228

(1)

Equitable Clean-Up

229

(3)

Attorneys' Fees

232

(14)

The Contract Exception

233

(1)

Equitable Exceptions

233

(5)

Bad Faith Litigation

233

(1)

Common Fund

234

(1)

Substantial Benefit Theory

235

(1)

Private Attorney General

236

(2)

Fee Shifting Statutes

238

(3)

Measurement of Fees

241

(2)

Equal Access to Justice Act

243

(1)

Costs Under Federal Rules

244

(2)

Declaratory Remedies

246

(7)

Nominal Damages

246

(1)

Declaratory Judgments

247

(6)

Index

253

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Remedies in a Nutshell 2004

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials