The Research Paper

, by Roth, Audrey J.

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ISBN: 9780534523800 | 0534523803
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 12/1/1998

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Summary

Supplemental Materials

The RESEARCH PAPER: FORM AND CONTENT is intended as a guide for students as they prepare and write research papers.

TO THE TEACHER

(3)

TO THE STUDENT

viii

CHAPTER 1 Starting the Research Paper

(14)

KINDS OF RESEARCH

(1)

DIFFERENCES AMONG A REPORT, A DOCUMENTED PAPER, AND A RESEARCH PAPER

(1)

WHAT A RESEARCH PAPER IS

(1)

WHAT A RESEARCH PAPER IS NOT

(2)

LENGTH OF RESEARCH PAPERS

(1)

FIVE STEPS TO A RESEARCH PAPER

(3)

Step 1. Choosing the Subject

(1)

Step 2. Collecting Information

(1)

Step 3. Evaluating Materials

(1)

Step 4. Organizing Ideas

(1)

Step 5. Writing the Paper

(1)

WHY A RESEARCH PAPER IS IMPORTANT

(1)

WHO READS RESEARCH PAPERS--AND WHY

(1)

MANAGING YOUR TIME

(1)

KEEPING A PROCESS LOG

(3)

INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION EXERCISE

(1)

CHAPTER 2 Choosing a General Topic

(27)

THE TERMS "TOPIC" AND "SUBJECT"

(1)

QUALITIES OF A GOOD TOPIC

(2)

TOPICS TO AVOID

(2)

ASSIGNED TOPICS

(1)

FIELD-OF-STUDY TOPICS

(11)

1. Take Stock of What You Already Know

(1)

2. Make Use of Printed and Electronic Aids

(8)

3. Build From Your Own Interests

(2)

4. Surf the Internet

(1)

FREE-CHOICE TOPICS

(2)

LIBRARY CATALOGING CUSTOMS

(7)

Classifications of Books

(4)

Contents of the Online Catalog

(1)

Individual Catalog Entries

(1)

Alphabetizing of Books and Periodicals

(2)

AN ADDENDUM: DOUBLE SUBMISSIONS

(1)

INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION EXERCISE

(1)

CHAPTER 3 Narrowing the Topic

(15)

SOME LIMITATIONS YOU WORK WITHIN

(2)

1. Length

(1)

2. Materials Available

(1)

3. Audience

(1)

FOCUSING ON A SUBJECT TO RESEARCH

(5)

Freewriting

(1)

Free Association

(1)

Clustering

(1)

Subdividing

(1)

The Five Ws

(3)

Combined Method

(1)

FINDING AN APPROACH

(1)

DECIDING ON AN APPROACH BEFORE BEING WELL INFORMED ABOUT YOUR SUBJECT

(6)

Examining or Analyzing

(1)

Evaluating or Criticizing

(1)

Comparing and Contrasting

(1)

Relating

(1)

Arguing or Persuading

(1)

WORDING YOUR APPROACH

(1)

A Word of Caution

(1)

CHOOSING A RESEARCH PAPER TITLE

(1)

INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION EXERCISE

(1)

CHAPTER 4 Searching for Information

(49)

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES

(1)

Primary Sources

(1)

Secondary Sources

(1)

THE WHAT, WHERE, AND HOW OF FINDING INFORMATION

(1)

DEVISING A SEARCH STRATEGY

(4)

Print-on-Paper Resources

(1)

Electronic Resources

(1)

Nonprint Resources

(1)

The Search Strategy Record

(2)

CONVENTIONS FOR MLA-STYLE PRELIMINARY (AND FINAL) CITATIONS

(9)

General Conventions

(1)

Conventions About the Author Unit

(1)

Conventions About the Title Unit

(1)

Conventions About the Publication Information Unit

(6)

CITING SPECIFIC SOURCES

(1)

FINDING AND CITING PRINT-ON-PAPER RESOURCES

(15)

Encyclopedias

(1)

Bibliographies and Reference Books

(2)

Handbooks

(1)

Indexes

(9)

Government Publications

(1)

Other Sources of Print Information

(1)

Microforms

(1)

FINDING AND CITING ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

(9)

Computer Connections

(1)

Online Catalogs for Books

(1)

The Internet

(1)

Computer Databases

(2)

CD-ROMs

(2)

Electronic Journals and Newsletters

(2)

Discussion Groups, Chat Lines, and Bulletin Boards

(1)

FINDING AND CITING NONPRINT RESOURCES

(8)

Three Units of Information in a Nonprint Preliminary Citation

(1)

Radio and TV Programs

(1)

Interviews

(1)

Lectures and Speeches

100

(1)

Questionnaires, Surveys, and Polls

101

(1)

Films, Filmstrips, and Slides

102

(1)

Videocassettes, Laser Discs, and DVDs

103

(1)

CDs, Audiotapes, and Other Audio Recordings

104

(1)

INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION EXERCISE

105

(1)

CHAPTER 5 Recording Information

106

(30)

WRITING NOTES

106

(1)

PLAGIARISM--AND HOW NOT TO COMMIT IT

106

(6)

Of Words and Ideas--and Plagiarism

107

(1)

How Not to Plagiarize

108

(1)

Notes That Plagiarize

108

(2)

Notes That Don't Plagiarize

110

(2)

COMMON KNOWLEDGE

112

(1)

READING TO TAKE NOTES

113

(1)

Previewing

113

(1)

Skimming

114

(1)

Scanning

114

(1)

EVALUATING SOURCE MATERIALS

114

(4)

Before You Read, Look, or Listen

115

(2)

When You Read, Look, or Listen

117

(1)

QUALITIES OF GOOD NOTES

118

(3)

Legibility

118

(1)

Accuracy

119

(1)

Completeness

120

(1)

KINDS OF NOTES

121

(6)

Summary Notes

122

(1)

Paraphrase Notes

123

(2)

Direct Quotation Notes

125

(1)

Personal Comment Notes

126

(1)

Combination Notes

126

(1)

NUMBER OF NOTE CARDS

127

(1)

CONVENTIONS FOR WRITING NOTES

128

(5)

1. Quotations

128

(3)

2. Words Omitted from a Quotation

131

(1)

3. Interpolations or Commentaries

131

(2)

4. Foreign Words and Phrases

133

(1)

5. Titles Within Quotations and Sources

133

(1)

A NOTE ABOUT PHOTOCOPIES AND PRINTOUTS

133

(1)

IF YOU USE A COMPUTER

134

(1)

INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION EXERCISE

135

(1)

CHAPTER 6 Organizing Ideas

136

(24)

RECONSIDERATION TIME

136

(1)

PUTTING THE PARTS TOGETHER

137

(1)

WHAT A THESIS STATEMENT IS

138

(1)

WHAT A THESIS STATEMENT IS NOT

139

(2)

HOW A THESIS STATEMENT EVOLVES

141

(1)

HOW AN OUTLINE EVOLVES

142

(2)

WAYS OF ORGANIZING CONTENT

144

(3)

Time

145

(1)

Known to Unknown or Simple to Complex

145

(1)

Comparison and Contrast

145

(1)

General to Particular or Particular to General

146

(1)

Problem to Solution or Question to Answer

146

(1)

Cause to Effect or Effect to Cause

146

(1)

RELATING ORGANIZATION TO OVERALL APPROACH

147

(1)

VISUAL ORDERING--CLUSTERING AND MAPPING

147

(2)

OUTLINES

149

(5)

Content of Outlines

150

(3)

Forms of Outlines

153

(1)

CONVENTIONS FOR OUTLINES

154

(3)

REVISING OUTLINES

157

(1)

COMPUTER AIDS TO OUTLINING

158

(1)

A FINAL CHECK

158

(1)

INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION EXERCISE

159

(1)

CHAPTER 7 Writing Your Paper

160

(38)

REPRISE OF WRITING PREPARATION

160

(1)

WHAT "DRAFTING" MEANS

160

(2)

WRITING STYLE

162

(2)

STARTING YOUR PAPER

164

(6)

Good Openings

164

(5)

Bad Openings

169

(1)

DRAFTING THE BODY OF YOUR PAPER

170

(3)

Unity and Coherence

170

(2)

Adequate Support

172

(1)

Emphasis

172

(1)

Concreteness and Specificity

173

(1)

INTEGRATING RESOURCE INFORMATION

173

(7)

Examples of Well-Integrated Resource Information

174

(1)

Six Ways to Integrate Documented Information into the Text of a Research Paper

175

(5)

RECORDING AND PUNCTUATING QUOTATIONS

180

(5)

Short Prose Passages

182

(1)

Longer Prose Passages

182

(1)

Short Passages of Poetry

183

(1)

Longer Passages of Poetry

183

(1)

Drama

184

(1)

COMMENT NOTES

185

(1)

ENDING THE PAPER

186

(4)

Good Endings

186

(4)

Bad Endings

190

(1)

REVISING AND EDITING YOUR PAPER

190

(3)

Editing for Word Choice and Sentence Structure

191

(2)

Mechanics

193

(1)

REVISING ON A COMPUTER

193

(2)

SELECTING A TITLE

195

(2)

Characteristics of a Good Title

195

(1)

Kinds of Titles to Avoid

195

(2)

Conventions for Titles

197

(1)

INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION EXERCISE

197

(1)

CHAPTER 8 Documenting Your Paper

198

(17)

WHEN, WHERE, AND HOW TO MAKE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

198

(1)

PARENTHETICAL DOCUMENTATION: MLA [MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION]

199

(4)

Conventions for Parenthetical Documentation

199

(1)

Punctuation and Spacing in Parenthetical Documentation

200

(1)

Identifying Sources in Parenthetical Documentation

201

(2)

DOCUMENTING VISUALS: ILLUSTRATIONS, MAPS, CHARTS, GRAPHS, AND TABLES

203

(2)

USING COMMENT NOTES IN ADDITION TO PARENTHETICAL DOCUMENTATION

205

(1)

MLA ENDNOTE DOCUMENTATION

205

(9)

Differences Between Endnotes and Works Cited

206

(1)

First References in MLA-Style Endnotes: Books

206

(3)

First References in MLA-Style Endnotes: Periodicals

209

(1)

First References in MLA-Style Endnotes: Other Print Sources

210

(1)

First References in MLA-Style Endnotes: Electronic Sources

211

(1)

First References in MLA-Style Endnotes: Nonprint Sources

211

(2)

Subsequent References in MLA-Style Endnotes

213

(1)

INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION EXERCISE

214

(1)

CHAPTER 9 Preparing the Works Cited List (MLA Format)

215

(21)

WHAT TO INCLUDE

215

(2)

Conventions to Follow

216

(1)

STANDARD FORMS FOR WORKS CITED

217

(18)

Entire Books

217

(5)

Portions of Books

222

(1)

Periodicals

223

(4)

Other Print Sources

227

(2)

Electronic Sources

229

(1)

Nonprint Sources

230

(5)

INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION EXERCISE

235

(1)

CHAPTER 10 Final Presentation--MLA Style

236

(29)

MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION AND PROOFREADING

236

(1)

WORD PROCESSING/TYPING

237

(1)

PAGE NUMBERING

237

(1)

FIRST PAGE OF THE RESEARCH PAPER TEXT (MLA)

238

(1)

OUTLINE

239

(1)

THE TEXT (MLA STYLE)

239

(1)

ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIALS: CHARTS, TABLES, GRAPHS, AND OTHER VISUALS

239

(1)

COMMENT NOTES

240

(1)

ENDNOTES

240

(1)

WORKS CITED

241

(1)

ANNOTATIONS

241

(1)

APPENDIX

242

(1)

OTHER OPTIONS: PREFACES, STATEMENTS OF PURPOSE, PROPOSALS, SYNOPSES, AND ABSTRACTS

243

(1)

FASTENING PAGES

243

(1)

SAMPLE RESEARCH PAPER IN MLA FORMAT

244

(20)

INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION EXERCISE

264

(1)

CHAPTER 11 APA and Other Styles

265

(24)

APA FORMAT AND PAGE NUMBERING

265

(1)

APA-FORMAT TITLE PAGE

266

(1)

CONVENTIONS FOR APA CITATIONS IN THE TEXT

266

(2)

Quotations Acknowledged in the Text

268

(1)

COMMENT AND DOCUMENTATION NOTES

268

(1)

APPENDIXES AND OTHER MATERIALS

269

(1)

REFERENCES IN APA FORMAT

269

(5)

Print Resources

272

(1)

Nonprint Resources

273

(1)

Electronic Resources

274

(1)

OTHER RESEARCH DOCUMENTATION AND REFERENCE SYSTEMS

274

(2)

Footnotes

274

(1)

Between-Line Documentation

275

(1)

Full In-Text Documentation

275

(1)

Numbering Sources

275

(1)

SAMPLE RESEARCH PAPER IN APA FORMAT

276

(12)

INFOTRAC COLLEGE EDITION EXERCISE

288

(1)

APPENDIX A Selected List of Reference Works Available in Libraries

289

(15)

GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS

291

(3)

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

294

(2)

SOCIAL SCIENCES

296

(3)

HUMANITIES

299

(3)

VOCATIONAL STUDIES

302

(2)

APPENDIX B Reference Words and Abbreviations

304

(3)

Index

307

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The Research Paper

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials