Resolving Environmental Disputes

Waterlogged Wealthwas first published in 1986 and did much to raise awareness of the importance of wetlands to people, wildlife, and environmental quality, despite the limitations of appropriate scientific research at that time. The last twenty ye

Roger Sidaway teaches and leads training courses at the University of Edinburgh.

List of Figures and Boxes

viii

Preface

xi

Origins and Evolution of Ideas

xi

Relevance of the Case Studies

xii

Concepts and Terminology

xiii

The Intended Audience

xv

Acknowledgements

xvi

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

xviii

Glossary

xx

Introduction

1

(12)

The Drama of Conflict

1

(3)

Purpose and Rationale of the Book

4

(1)

Layout of the Book

5

(8)

Part 1 Understanding Environmental Disputes

Introduction to the Principal Case Studies

13

(23)

Synopsis

13

(1)

Access to the Countryside in England and Wales

14

(11)

The Designation of the Pentland Hills Regional Park

25

(11)

Using Social Theory to Explain Conflicts

36

(27)

Synopsis

36

(1)

Conflict Analysis

37

(15)

A Dynamic Analysis of the Designation of the Pentland Hills Regional Park

52

(3)

A Dynamic Analysis of Moorland Access in the Peak District National Park

55

(4)

Conclusions

59

(4)

Part 2 Strategies for Cooperation

Alternative Dispute Resolution - The Contribution of Negotiation and Consensus Building

63

(10)

Synopsis

63

(1)

Ways of Resolving Disputes

64

(3)

Consensus Building

67

(2)

Assessing Participation in Decision-making

69

(2)

Conclusions

71

(2)

Mediation and Its Contribution to Resolving Environmental Disputes

73

(24)

Synopsis

73

(1)

The Process of Mediation

74

(3)

Pre-negotiation Discussions - The Importance of Thorough Preparation

77

(2)

The Negotiation and Post-negotiation Stages

79

(2)

Critiques of Mediation

81

(3)

The Mediators' Response - Conflict Assessment and Process Design

84

(3)

Applications of Environmental Mediation

87

(1)

Cultural Variations

88

(2)

Case Study: Access Management by Local Consensus--Mediated Negotiations in the Peak District

90

(5)

Conclusions

95

(2)

`Clearing the Air'--The North Oxford County Coalition

97

(18)

Synopsis

97

(1)

Context

97

(2)

Initiation

99

(1)

Pre-negotiation Stage

100

(1)

Negotiation Stage

100

(4)

Strengths and Weaknesses of the NOCC Process

104

(2)

Turning Points in the Debate

106

(2)

Achievements and Outcomes of the NOCC

108

(3)

The Value of Outside Intervention

111

(1)

Conclusions

112

(3)

Public Participation in Decision-making and Partnerships

115

(31)

Synopsis

115

(1)

Participation--Opportunity or Problem?

116

(1)

The Case for Participation

117

(2)

Definitions of Participation and the Values They Espouse

119

(1)

Tokenism and the Exercise of Power

120

(1)

The Distinction between Consultation and Public Involvement

121

(6)

Communities and Partnerships

127

(6)

Process Design

133

(7)

Principles of Participation

140

(5)

Conclusions

145

(1)

Building Trust--Crucial Lessons in Participation and Partnership

146

(47)

Synopsis

146

(1)

Case Study 1: Planning for the Future of Texel

147

(14)

Case Study 2: Preparing an Integrated Management Strategy for the Pentland Hills Regional Park

161

(7)

Case Study 3: The Morecambe Bay Partnership

168

(11)

Case Study 4: The Upper Deeside Access Trust

179

(9)

Conclusions

188

(5)

Part 3 The Realities of Power

Organizations, Power and Conflict

193

(39)

Synopsis

193

(1)

Power and Conflict

193

(12)

Case Study 1: The Designation of the Skomer Marine Nature Reserve

205

(12)

Case Study 2: Planning in the Rhine Delta

217

(12)

Conclusions

229

(3)

Consensus and the Political Process

232

(25)

Synopsis

232

(1)

Understanding Political Processes

233

(4)

Case Study 1: Striving for Sustainability in the Northern Maine Woods

237

(8)

Case Study 2: Countryside Access in Scotland--The Work of the Scottish Access Forum

245

(7)

Conclusions

252

(5)

Part 4 The Case for Reform

Conclusions on Removing the Barriers

257

(13)

Synopsis

257

(1)

How and Why Environmental Conflicts Occur

257

(1)

The Role of Conflicts in the Political Process

258

(1)

Using Consensus Building to Prevent or Resolve Conflict

259

(3)

Removing the Barriers: The Wider Application of Environmental Consensus Building in Scotland

262

(3)

Opportunities for Institutional Reform

265

(3)

Final Reflections

268

(2)

Notes

270

(4)

References

274

(13)

Index

287

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Resolving Environmental Disputes

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials