Respiratory Control : Central and Peripheral

Understanding of the respiratory control system has been greatly improved by recent technological and methodological advances. This volume integrates results from many perspectives, brings together diverse approaches to the investigations, and represents important additions to the field of neural control of breathing.
Topics include membrane properties of respiratory neurons, in vitro studies of respiratory control, chemical neuroanatomy, central integration of respiratory afferents, modulation of respiratory pattern by peripheral afferents, respiratory chemoreception, development of respiratory control, behavioral control of breathing, and human ventilatory control.
Forty-seven experts in the field report current research and discuss novel issues facing future investigations in this collection of papers from an international conference of nearly two hundred leading scientists held in October 1990. This research is of vital importance to respiratory physiologists and those in neurosciences and neurobiology who work with integrative sensory and motor systems and is pertinent to both basic and clinical investigations.
Respiratory Control is destined to be widely cited because of the strength of the contributors and the dearth of similar works.

Preface
Membrane Properties of Respiratory Neurons: An Overview	p. 2
Properties of Brainstem Neurons: Calcium Currents in Hypoglossal Motoneurons	p. 6
Neuronal Membrane Properties during O[subscript 2] Deprivation: In Vitro Intracellular Studies	p. 12
New Insights on Synaptic Transmission in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius	p. 15
Modulation of Respiratory Patterns during Hypoxia	p. 21
In Vitro Studies of Respiratory Control: An Overview	p. 30
Novel Approaches to the Study of Cellular Mechanisms Generating Respiratory Rhythm	p. 34
Respiratory Rhythm Generation in the Ventral Medulla	p. 39
Noradrenergic Modulation of the Medullary Respiratory Rhythm Generator by the Pontine A5 Area	p. 43
Bulbospinal Transmission of Respiratory Drive to Phrenic Motoneurons	p. 47
Comparative Approach to Neural Control of Respiration	p. 52
Chemical Neuroanatomy: An Overview	p. 60
Neurotransmitter Content of Respiratory Neurons and Their Inputs: Double-Labeling Studies Using Intracellular Tracers and Immunohistochemistry	p. 62
Induction of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene in Carotid Body by Hypoxia	p. 66
Expression and Development of Transmitter Properties in Carotid Body Afferent Neurons	p. 71
Intrinsic Organization and Pontomedullary Connections of Rat Ventral Respiratory Group	p. 75
Central Integration of Respiratory Afferents: An Overview	p. 82
The Breuer-Hering Reflex Requires Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotransmission in a Discrete Region of the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius	p. 86
Connectivity of Rostral Pontine Inspiratory-Modulated Neurons as Revealed by Responses to Vagal and Superior Laryngeal Afferent Stimulation	p. 91
Respiratory Modulation of Afferent Transmission to the Cerebellum	p. 95
Respiratory Afferents and the Inhibition of Inspiration	p. 100
Modulation of Respiratory Pattern by Peripheral Afferents: An Overview	p. 106
Laryngeal Sensory Modalities and Their Functional Significance	p. 110
Diaphragmatic Afferents	p. 115
Responses of Group III and IV Muscle Afferents to Mechanical and Metabolic Stimuli Likely to Occur during Exercise	p. 120
Neurotransmitter Mechanisms in the Periphery of Respiratory Afferents	p. 125
Respiratory Chemoreception: Peripheral and Central: An Overview	p. 130
Carbonic Anhydrase, Cl[actual symbol not reproducible]-HCO[subscript 3][actual symbol not reproducible] Exchanger, and Cellular pH in O[subscript 2] and CO[subscript 2] Chemoreception in the Cat Carotid Body in Vitro	p. 132
Physiological Roles of the Central Chemoreceptors	p. 138
Studies on Chemosensory Mechanisms in Rat Carotid Body Using Dissociated Cell Cultures	p. 147
Cellular Mechanisms of Central Chemosensitivity	p. 152
Development of Respiratory Control: An Overview	p. 158
Central Effect of Hypoxia in the Neonate	p. 163
Mechanisms of Apnea in the Newborn	p. 167
Developmental Influences on Breathing Pattern by the Vagus Nerve: Some Correlations with Activities of Medullary Respiratory Neurons and Lung Mechanoreceptors	p. 172
Adaptation and Acclimatization in the Hypoxic Newborn Mammal	p. 176
Birth-Related Activation of the "Substance P Gene" in Central Respiratory Neurons and Dopaminergic Disinhibition of Carotid Bodies at Birth	p. 181
Behavioral Control of Breathing: An Overview	p. 186
Respiratory Responses to Prolonged Central or Peripheral Hypoxia	p. 191
Forebrain-Brainstem Interactions Modulating Respiratory Patterning	p. 195
State-Dependent Variations in Medullary Respiratory-Related Discharge Patterns	p. 199
Vomiting: Its Respiratory Components	p. 207
Ventilatory Control in Humans: An Overview	p. 212
The Effect of Increased Inspiratory Drive on the Sensory Activation of the Cerebral Cortex by Inspiratory Occlusion	p. 216
Control of Respiratory Cycle Timing in Newborn Infants	p. 222
Modulation of Respiratory Pattern during NREM Sleep	p. 226
Exercise and the Respiratory Mechanical Load	p. 231
Contributing Laboratories	p. 235
Index	p. 237
Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved.

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Respiratory Control : Central and Peripheral Mechanisms

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