Risk Balance and Security

When confronting risk management issues, individuals and agencies cannot simply respond with endless resources to mitigate the damage, real or potential, that hazards engender; they must establish a balance. Risk Balance & Security combines the conceptual underpinnings of risk assessment and management at both the individual and agency level with a clear analysis of how these relate to challenges faced in responding to crime, terrorism, public health threats, and environmental disasters. With a new understanding of how decisions are made about threats and hazards and how this understanding maybe applied in practical preparedness, prevention, and response strategies, the reader will be better equipped to conceptualize the task of enhancing security and to apply this learning to strategies that deal with various risks.

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. xi
The Centrality of Security	p. 1
Security Matters	p. 5
Risk Positions	p. 8
Approaching Security	p. 10
Modeling Security	p. 12
Studying Security From Many Perspectives	p. 17
Conclusion	p. 18
Notes to Chapter 1	p. 20
Values and Choices in Constructing Security	p. 23
The Values of Security	p. 23
The Invention of Risk Society	p. 25
The Context of Risk Society	p. 27
Applying Risk Society to Risk Balance	p. 30
Culture and Messages About Security	p. 32
Judging Hazards, Threats, and Risks	p. 34
Experts	p. 40
Routines, Experts, and Trust	p. 44
Types of Resources	p. 48
Security From What?	p. 51
Security for Whom?	p. 53
Conclusion	p. 54
Notes to Chapter 2	p. 57
Crime and Security	p. 59
How Much Crime and How Can It Be Addressed?	p. 61
Policing and Crime Risk	p. 62
Protecting the Public: Community Policing and Intelligence-Led Policing	p. 63
Who Polices Whom?	p. 65
Securing Against Crime	p. 69
Profiling Offenders	p. 69
Profiling Victims	p. 72
Assessing Crime Information	p. 74
Profiling Routines, Spaces, and Places	p. 76
Preventing Crime?	p. 78
Crime Events and Risk Balance	p. 81
Conclusion	p. 83
Notes to Chapter 3	p. 84
Modern Terrorism	p. 87
Terrorism and Security	p. 89
Who Are the Terrorists and What Threat Do They Pose?	p. 90
Globalization	p. 91
Who "We" Are	p. 94
Intelligence: Information and Knowledge	p. 98
"We Have Some Planes..."	p. 98
Dealing With Vulnerability	p. 100
Identification of Vulnerability and Vulnerability-Producing Mechanisms	p. 102
Raising Awareness of Vulnerability	p. 109
Providing Vulnerable Population With Accurate Information	p. 112
Readiness and Response	p. 115
Conclusion	p. 116
Notes to Chapter 4	p. 119
Landscapes of Security: Health and the Environment	p. 121
The Physical Landscape: Health	p. 121
In Sickness and in Health	p. 123
Jurisdiction and Spillover Effects	p. 125
Brakes and Accelerators in the Local and Global Health Environments	p. 127
Terrorist Events as Health Events	p. 133
Summary	p. 137
The Physical Landscape: The Environment	p. 139
Defining Environmental Security	p. 141
Power and Knowledge	p. 143
The Blurry Boundaries Between Natural, Man-Made, and Other Disasters	p. 146
The Evolution of Disaster	p. 149
The Evolution of Hurricane Katrina	p. 153
The Mitigation Stage	p. 153
The Preparedness Stage	p. 154
The Response Stage	p. 155
The Recovery Stage	p. 155
The Complications of Hurricane Katrina	p. 156
Vulnerable Risk Positions	p. 157
Communication Breakdowns	p. 158
Failed Leadership	p. 160
Summary	p. 161
Conclusion	p. 163
Notes to Chapter 5	p. 164
The Stages of Risk Balance and Security	p. 165
Preparedness and Readiness	p. 167
Insurance	p. 167
Crisis Drills and Table Top Exercises: Imagining Dire Consequences	p. 181
Cross-Agency Cooperation	p. 184
Response	p. 186
First Responders and Victims	p. 186
Leadership in Response	p. 189
The Media and Response Coordination	p. 190
Recovery and Prevention	p. 192
Litigation	p. 193
Government Compensation	p. 195
Returning to Normal: Re-Establishing Routines	p. 197
Conclusion	p. 199
Notes to Chapter 6	p. 200
Concluding Thoughts	p. 201
Becoming Secure: What Have We Learned?	p. 201
Establishing Security	p. 204
Practical Steps to Security	p. 208
Choice	p. 209
Decision Making	p. 210
Cooperation	p. 210
Planning	p. 211
Institutional Learning	p. 211
Communication	p. 212
Concluding Thoughts	p. 212
Note to Chapter 7	p. 214
References	p. 215
Suggested Readings	p. 226
Index	p. 229
About the Authors	p. 239
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Risk Balance and Security

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