Roaming in Wireless Networks

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ISBN: 9780071455053 | 0071455051
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 10/19/2005

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Roaming charges may constitute as much as 30% of a service provider's operating profit and are a growing component of wireless revenue. This is the first book to provide communications engineers with the technological know-how to design and manage roaming services.

Preface

Acknowledgments

xii

Chapter 1. Roaming and Wireless Networks

(6)

1.1 National and International Roaming

(1)

1.2 Interstandard Roaming

(1)

1.3 Prepaid and Postpaid Subscriber Roaming

(1)

1.4 Basic Structure of Roaming

(2)

1.5 Roaming Services

(1)

Chapter 2. CCS7 in Wireless Networks

(24)

2.1 Signaling—An Introduction

(1)

2.2 CCS7 Network Architecture

(2)

2.3 Message Transfer Part

(5)

2.3.1 MTP Level 1

(1)

2.3.2 MTP Level 2

(2)

2.3.3 MTP Level 3

(3)

2.4 ISDN User Part

(5)

2.5 Signaling Connection and Control Part

(6)

2.5.1 Connectionless signaling

(1)

2.5.2 Connection-oriented signaling

(1)

2.5.3 SCCP message format

(1)

2.5.4 SCCP routing control

(1)

2.5.5 SCCP management

(1)

2.6 Transaction Capabilities Application Part

(4)

2.6.1 Structure of TCAP

(3)

Bibliography

(1)

Chapter 3. Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)

(52)

3.1 Brief History of Early Cellular Networks

(1)

3.1.1 Limitations of early cellular technologies

(1)

3.1.2 Roaming and early cellular networks

(1)

3.2 GSM Overview

(1)

3.3 GSM Offered Services

(1)

3.3.1 Bearer service

(1)

3.3.2 Teleservices

(1)

3.3.3 Supplementary services

(1)

3.4 System Architecture

(12)

3.4.1 Mobile station

(5)

3.4.2 Base station subsystem

(2)

3.4.3 Network switching system

(4)

3.5 GSM Interfaces and Protocols

(21)

3.5.1 Air interface

(7)

3.5.2 Abis interface

(6)

3.5.3 A interface

(3)

3.5.4 Inter-MSC signaling

(5)

3.6 Scenarios

(15)

3.6.1 Mobility management

(7)

3.6.2 Call establishment

(8)

Bibliography

(1)

Chapter 4. General Packet Radio Service

(32)

4.1 GPRS Overview

(1)

4.2 GPRS Services

(1)

4.2.1 Horizontal applications

(1)

4.2.2 Vertical applications

(1)

4.3 GPRS Network Architecture

(7)

4.3.1 GPRS terminals

(1)

4.3.2 GPRS BSS—Packet control unit

(1)

4.3.3 GPRS support nodes

(4)

4.4 Interfaces and Protocols

(6)

4.4.1 User plane

(4)

4.4.2 Signaling plane

(2)

4.5 GPRS Identities

(2)

4.5.1 P-TMSI

(1)

4.5.2 TLLI

(1)

4.5.3 NSAPI

(1)

4.5.4 TEID

(1)

4.6 GPRS Procedures

(14)

4.6.1 Mobility management

(7)

4.6.2 Session management

106

(5)

4.6.3 Security function

111

(2)

Bibliography

113

(2)

Chapter 5. Third Generation Networks

115

(22)

5.1 3G Specifications

115

(1)

5.2 UMTS Network Architecture

116

(4)

5.2.1 3GPP Release 99

117

(1)

5.2.2 Release 4 architecture

118

(1)

5.2.3 Release 5 architecture

119

(1)

5.3 UMTS Interfaces and Protocols

120

(8)

5.3.1 UTRAN interfaces and protocol structure

120

(5)

5.3.2 System network protocols

125

(3)

5.4 Example UMTS Procedures

128

(7)

5.4.1 Mobile-originated circuit-switched calls

128

(5)

5.4.2 Mobile-originated packet-switched calls

133

(2)

Bibliography

135

(2)

Chapter 6. Roaming in a GSM Network

137

(34)

6.1 Inter-PLMN Signaling Network

137

(6)

6.1.1 Inter-PLMN addressing

139

(1)

6.1.2 Address format

139

(4)

6.2 Communication Between a VPLMN VLR and an HPLMN HLR

143

(2)

6.3 Roaming Procedures

145

(16)

6.3.1 Location update in a visited network

145

(5)

6.3.2 Roamer authentication in visited network

150

(2)

6.3.3 Provide roaming number

152

(6)

6.3.4 Cancel location

158

(1)

6.3.5 Purge MS

158

(1)

6.3.6 Restore data

158

(3)

6.4 Roaming Call Scenarios

161

(3)

6.4.1 Roamer-originated call

161

(1)

6.4.2 Roamer-terminated call

161

(3)

6.5 Short Message Service (SMS)

164

(6)

6.5.1 Roamer-originated SM

164

(3)

6.5.2 Roamer-terminated SM

167

(3)

6.5.3 MAP v2 procedures

170

(1)

Bibliography

170

(1)

Chapter 7. Roaming in GPRS and 3G Networks

171

(18)

7.1 Inter-PLMN Connectivity

171

(6)

7.1.1 Inter-PLMN backbone network

172

(2)

7.1.2 Inter-PLMN data connectivity alternatives

174

(1)

7.1.3 GPRS roaming eXchange

175

(1)

7.1.4 Border gateway protocol version 4

176

(1)

7.2 Access Point Name

177

(2)

7.2.1 APN network identifier

178

(1)

7.2.2 APN operator identifier

178

(1)

7.2.3 Wild card APN

179

(1)

7.3 APN Resolution

179

(3)

7.3.1 GPRS and DNS

179

(1)

7.3.2 APN resolution using DNS in the HPLMN

180

(1)

7.3.3 APN resolution using DNS in the VPLMN

181

(1)

7.4 Roaming Scenarios

182

(6)

7.4.1 GPRS attach in a visited network

182

(2)

7.4.2 PLMN and ISP roaming

184

(1)

7.4.3 PDP context activation using HGGSN

184

(3)

7.4.4 PDP context activation using VGGSN

187

(1)

Bibliography

188

(1)

Chapter 8. Roaming Implementation for Prepaid

189

(46)

8.1 Prepaid Roaming Using USSD Callback

190

(15)

8.1.1 USSD string coding

192

(1)

8.1.2 USSD request handling—general concept

192

(1)

8.1.3 Roamer initiated USSD operation

193

(4)

8.1.4 Network initiated USSD operations

197

(6)

8.1.5 Prepaid roaming—USSD callback scenario

203

(2)

8.2 Prepaid Roaming Using CAMEL

205

(29)

8.2.1 CAMEL architecture

206

(6)

8.2.2 Points in call and detection points

212

(1)

8.2.3 CAMEL subscriber information

213

(6)

8.2.4 Basic call state model

219

(4)

8.2.5 CAMEL information flow

223

(5)

8.2.6 Prepaid roaming-CAMEL call scenario

228

(6)

Bibliography

234

(1)

Chapter 9. Inter-PLMN Roaming Testing

235

(24)

9.1 Overview of IREG Testing

235

(3)

9.1.1 Internetwork connectivity

236

(1)

9.1.2 End-to-end functional testing

237

(1)

9.2 IREG Testing—Test Setup

238

(3)

9.2.1 GSM roaming test setup

238

(1)

9.2.2 GPRS roaming test setup

239

(2)

9.3 IREG Tests

241

(14)

9.3.1 GSM basic service tests

241

(5)

9.3.2 GSM supplementary services tests

246

(2)

9.3.3 GSM SMS tests

248

(1)

9.3.4 GSM SS and ODB tests

249

(2)

9.3.5 GPRS attach

251

(1)

9.3.6 GPRS PDP context tests

251

(3)

9.3.7 GPRS SMS tests

254

(1)

9.3.8 GPRS operator control of service

254

(1)

9.3.9 Other tests

255

(1)

9.4 IREG Tester

255

(1)

Bibliography

256

(3)

Chapter 10. Roaming Service Management and Troubleshooting Faults

259

(30)

10.1 Quality of Service—General Concepts

260

(7)

10.1.1 Service-independent quality indicators

260

(1)

10.1.2 Service-dependent quality indicators

261

(1)

10.1.3 Quality indicators by services

262

(5)

10.2 Roaming Service Quality

267

(1)

10.3 Proactive Service Monitoring

267

(6)

10.3.1 Roaming service monitoring using active probes

269

(3)

10.3.2 Roaming service monitoring using passive probes

272

(1)

10.4 Troubleshooting Roaming Faults

273

(15)

10.4.1 Common network problems

273

(1)

10.4.2 Information gathering on symptoms

274

(1)

10.4.3 Diagnostic tools

275

(1)

10.4.4 Understanding protocol errors

276

(12)

Bibliography

288

(1)

Chapter 11. Billing and Settlement

289

(10)

11.1 Roaming Billing Standards

289

(1)

11.2 Transferred Account Procedures

290

(5)

11.2.1 TAP3 and earlier versions

291

(1)

11.2.2 TAP-in and TAP-out processes

292

(1)

11.2.3 Reject and return process

292

(3)

11.3 Role of Clearinghouses

295

(2)

Bibliography

297

(2)

Chapter 12. Roaming Value-Added Services

299

(14)

12.1 Optimal Routing

300

(6)

12.1.1 Implementation

300

(6)

12.2 Welcome and Other Information SMS

306

(2)

12.2.1 Implementation

306

(2)

12.3 Short Dial Codes

308

(1)

12.3.1 Implementation

308

(1)

12.4 Missed-Call Information While Roaming

308

(4)

12.4.1 Implementation

310

(2)

12.5 Other Services

312

(1)

Chapter 13. Roaming—Current and Future Enhancements

313

(8)

13.1 WLAN Overview

313

(2)

13.2 PLMN-WLAN Roaming

315

(1)

13.3 WLAN-PLMN Interworking

316

(2)

13.3.1 WLAN UE

316

(1)

13.3.2 AAA server

317

(1)

13.3.3 Packet data gateway

317

(1)

13.4 Roaming Scenarios

318

(1)

Bibliography

319

(2)

Index

321

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Roaming in Wireless Networks

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials