The Role of Body Size in Multispecies Systems

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ISBN: 9780123864758 | 0123864755
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/16/2011

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The general theme is being based around the ongoing European Science Foundation SIZEMIC Research Network, which has been running for several years. The network has focused on the role of body size in ecosystems and embraces a wide remit that spans all ecosystem types and a range of disciplines, from theoretical to applied ecology.

Contributors to Volume 45	p. xi
Preface	p. xv
Determinants of Density-Body Size Scaling Within Food Webs and Tools for Their Detection
Abstract	p. 2
Introduction	p. 2
Density-Mass from Different Angles	p. 4
DMR and Food Webs	p. 6
Trophic Position	p. 6
Gape Limitation and DMR	p. 7
Discontinuities and the DMR	p. 14
Statistical Issues	p. 15
Frequency Distribution	p. 15
Bivariate Relationships	p. 18
Multiple DMR in the Same Dataset	p. 21
DMR and Its Detection in a Metacommunity	p. 22
Study System	p. 25
Five DMRs in a Single System	p. 25
Cross-Community at Different Levels	p. 27
Amphibians as an Example of Discontinuous DMR	p. 27
Evaluation of Methodological Performance	p. 29
Conclusions	p. 30
Acknowledgements	p. 31
References	p. 31
Predicted Effects of Behavioural Movement and Passive Transport on Individual Growth and Community Size Structure in Marine Ecosystems
Abstract	p. 42
Introduction	p. 42
Methods	p. 44
Model Development	p. 44
Growth and Mortality	p. 45
Spatial Flux	p. 48
Numerical Solution	p. 49
Parameter Choices	p. 50
Simulations	p. 50
Data	p. 52
Results	p. 53
Consequences of Behavioural Movement on Size Spectra	p. 53
Life Histories	p. 54
Parameter Sensitivities	p. 55
Consequences of Adding Abiotic Movement	p. 57
Effects of Simulated Phytoplankton Bloom	p. 59
Data	p. 60
Discussion	p. 61
Acknowledgements	p. 63
References	p. 63
Seeing Double: Size-Based and Taxonomic Views of Food Web Structure
Abstract	p. 68
Introduction	p. 68
The Allometry of Trophic Relations	p. 69
Overcoming Pitfalls Through a Plurality of Viewpoints	p. 71
Individual-Based Food Webs: An Emerging Field	p. 72
Methods	p. 74
Study Sites-The Seven Food Webs	p. 76
Aggregation into Different Levels of Resolution and Groupings	p. 79
Response Variables Analysed	p. 82
Statistical Analyses	p. 88
Results	p. 89
Response Variables Compared	p. 89
Discussion	p. 99
Individuals and Species Averages-Effects of Resolution	p. 99
Taxonomy Versus Size-Effects of Grouping	p. 106
Dynamic Implications-Parameterisation of Dynamic Food Web Models	p. 108
Caveats	p. 110
Future Directions	p. 111
Concluding Remarks	p. 113
Acknowledgements	p. 113
Supplementary Figures	p. 114
Details on Regression Models	p. 117
References	p. 127
Body Size, Life History and the Structure of Host-Parasitoid Networks
Abstract	p. 136
An Introduction to Ecological Network Theory and Host-Parasitoid Networks	p. 137
Ecological Networks and Their Role in Ecology	p. 137
Host-Parasitoid Networks	p. 138
The Importance of Host-Parasitoid Networks in Ecological Research	p. 141
The Aims of This Review	p. 143
The Structuring of Trophic Networks	p. 143
What is Network Structure and How is it Determined?	p. 143
Body Size as a Determinant of Food-Web Structure	p. 145
The Structure of Host-Parasitoid Networks	p. 147
Limitations on Host Range	p. 148
Fundamental Niches in Host-Parasitoid Networks	p. 148
The Role of Phylogeny in Host-Parasitoid Network Structure	p. 148
Life History and Host Range	p. 149
Egg Placement	p. 149
Developmental Diapause	p. 150
Realised Niche in Parasitoids	p. 151
Optimal Foraging	p. 151
Maximising Host Encounter Rate	p. 151
Host Quality and Offspring Fitness	p. 153
The Optimal Foraging Strategy	p. 155
Parasitoid Life History and Host Electivity	p. 156
Time and Egg-Limitation	p. 156
The Cost of Egg or Time Limitation.	p. 156
Egg-Limitation, Life History and Electivity	p. 157
Time Limitation, Life History and Electivity	p. 160
Handling Time and Life History in Parasitoids	p. 162
Sex Allocation and Host Quality	p. 163
The Sex Allocation Process	p. 163
Allocation Strategies and Parasitoid Life History	p. 164
Sex Allocation and Network Structure	p. 164
Conclusions	p. 166
The Determinants of Fundamental Niche	p. 166
The Determinants of Realised Niche	p. 169
Future Research Avenues and the Effect of Spatio-Temporal Variation in Host-Parasitoid Networks	p. 172
Acknowledgements	p. 174
References	p. 174
The Role of Body Size in Complex Food Webs: A Cold Case
Abstract	p. 182
Introduction	p. 183
Methods	p. 186
The Weddell Sea Data Set	p. 186
Functional Consumer Classification of the Weddell Sea Food Web	p. .189
Food Web Parameters	p. 190
Data Analysis: Statistics, Extinction Scenarios and Robustness of Weddell Sea Food Web	p. 191
Results	p. 192
The Weddell Sea Food Web Data Set	p. 192
Functional Consumer Classification of the Weddell Sea Food Web	p. 194
Extinction Scenarios and Robustness of the Weddell Sea Food Web	p. 197
Discussion	p. 198
Implications of This Study	p. 198
The Weddell Sea Food Web and Functional Consumer Classification	p. 200
Extinction Scenarios the Robustness of the Weddell Sea Food Web	p. 203
Conclusion	p. 205
Acknowledgements	p. 206
Appendix	p. 206
References	p. 216
Eco-evolutionary Dynamics of Individual-Based Food Webs
Abstract	p. 226
Introduction	p. 226
Material and Methods	p. 229
The Models	p. 229
Study Area and Sampling Methods of a Large Individual-Based Food Web	p. 239
Results	p. 246
Sampling Effects in Individual-Based Food Webs	p. 246
Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Individual Rank in Connectivity	p. 253
Effect of Total Length on Intraspecific Variance in Prey Consumption	p. 256
Expectations from Genetic and Ecological Drift to Study Diversity in Individual-Based Food Webs	p. 257
Effect of Intraspecific Variability on Species Level Food Web Connectance	p. 259
Summary and Discussion	p. 259
Models of Eco-evolutionary Dynamics as a General Framework	p. 259
Perspective	p. 263
Acknowledgements	p. 264
References	p. 264
Scale Dependence of Predator-Prey Mass Ratio: Determinants and Applications
Abstract	p. 270
Introduction	p. 270
Size Matters to Food Webs	p. 270
Predator-Prey Mass Ratio: Its Use and Problems	p. 271
Goal of the Present Study	p. 276
Data	p. 276
Scale Dependence of Predator-Prey Mass Ratio	p. 278
Methods and Results	p. 278
Mechanisms	p. 279
Application	p. 283
Determinants of Predator-Prey Mass Ratio	p. 283
Statistical Analysis	p. 283
Results	p. 284
Application	p. 288
Perspectives	p. 290
Other Determinants of Predator-Prey Mass Ratio	p. 290
Functional Response	p. 293
Food-Web Modelling	p. 296
Conclusion	p. 298
References	p. 299
Index	p. 303
Cumulative List of Titles	p. 311
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