The Role of Elites in Economic Development

Elites have a disproportionate impact on development outcomes. While a country's endowments constitute the deep determinates of growth, the trajectory they follow is shaped by the actions of elites. But what factors affect whether elites use their influence for individual gain or national welfare? To what extent do they see poverty as a problem? And are their actions today constrained by institutions and norms established in the past? This volume looks at case studies from SouthAfrica to China to seek a better understanding of the dynamics behind how elites decide to engage with economic development. Approaches include economic modelling, social surveys, theoretical analysis, and program evaluation. These different methods explore the relationship between elites anddevelopment outcomes from five angles: the participation and reaction of elites to institutional creation and change, how economic changes affect elite formation and circulation, elite perceptions of national welfare, the extent to which state capacity is part of elite self-identity, and how elites interact with non-elites.

Alice H. Amsden was Barton L. Weller Professor of Political Economy in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning at MIT. She was the author of Asia's Next Giant (OUP) and The Rise of "The Rest" (OUP). Her most recent work is A Rational Revolution: Developing from Collective Role Models, Deserting Deductive Theories. She was also appointed by the UN Secretary-General to serve on the United Nations Committee for Development Planning.

Alisa DiCaprio is a Research Fellow at United Nations University's World Institute for Development Economics Research. Prior to joining UNU-WIDER, she was a Post-Doctoral Fellow at New York University's Alexander Hamilton Center for Political Economy. In addition to her academic work, she has worked in the public and private sector supporting US trade policy, researching emerging market opportunities for exporters, and organizing unions in the healthcare sector.

James Robinson is David Florence Professor of Government at Harvard University and a faculty associate at the Institute for Quantitative Social Science. Professor Robinson studied economics at the London School of Economics, the University of Warwick, and Yale University. He previously taught in the Department of Economics at the University of Melbourne and the University of Southern California. Before moving to Harvard he was a Professor in the Departments of Economics and Political Science at the University of California at Berkeley. His main research interest is the political economy of development with a particular interest in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa.

1. Introduction: The Role of Elites in Economic Development, Alisa DiCaprio
Part I: Theoretical Considerations
2. Elites and Property Rights, Alice H. Amsden
3. Elites and Institutional Persistence, James A. Robinson
Part II: The Formation and Circulation of Elites
4. The International Circulation of Elites: Knowledge, Entrepreneurial, and Political, Andres Solimano and Diego Avanzini
5. Fruit of the Vine? An Augmented Endowments-Inequality Hypothesis and the Rise of an Elite in the Cape Colony, Johan Fourie and Dieter von Fintel
6. Two for the Price of One? The Contribution to Development of the New Female Elites, Alison Wolf
7. New Light on China's Rural Elites, Bjorn Gustafsson and Sai Ding
Part III: The Preferences of Elites
8. Poverty in the Eyes of Brazilian Elites, Elisa P. Reis
9. Mutual Interdependence between Elites and the Poor, Chipiliro Kalebe-Nyamongo
10. Why Are the Elite in China Motivated and Able to Promote Growth?, Xiaowei Zang
Part IV: Elites and State Capactiy
11. The Simple Analytics of Elite Behaviour under Limited State Capacity, Francois Bourguignon and Thierry Verdier
12. Is it Possible to Reform a Customs Administration? The Role of the Customs Elite on the Reform Process in Cameroon, Thomas Cantens
13. Rekindling Governments from Within: Getting Public Sector Elite Officials to Support Government Reform in Brazil, Monica Pinhanez
Part V: Grassroots Responses to Elites
14. Tackling Elite Capture by the 'Counter-elite' and 'Co-opt-elite' Approaches in Bangladesh and Ghana, Sam Wong
15. Understanding the Dynamics of Elite Behaviour in a Development Context, Alice H. Amsden and Alisa DiCaprio