The Role of Parliaments in Curbing Corruption

, by Stapenhurst, Rick; Johnston, Niall; Pelizzo , Riccardo

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ISBN: 9780821367230 | 0821367234
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 9/28/2006

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In most countries, parliament has the constitutional mandate to both oversee government and to hold government to account; often, audit institutions, ombuds and anti-corruption agencies report to parliament, as a means of ensuring both their independence from government and reinforcing parliament's position at the apex of accountability institutions. At the same time, parliaments can also play a key role in promoting accountability, through constituency outreach, public hearings, and parliamentary commissions. This title will be of interest to parliamentarians and parliamentary staff, development practitioners, students of development and those interested in curbing corruption and improving governance in developing and developed countries alike.

Foreword

Preface

Introduction: Parliamentarians Fighting Corruption

(12)

Rick Stapenhurst

Martin Ulrich

Severin Strohal

Setting the Context

(2)

Legislative Role

(1)

Oversight

(2)

Representation

(1)

Corruption in Political Parties and Parliament

(1)

International Parliamentary Links

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Bibliography

(3)

Part I. Governance in the Developing World

Corruption: A Key Challenge for Development

(14)

Daniel Kaufmann

Phyllis Dininio

Introduction

(1)

Costs of Corruption

(1)

Unbundling Corruption

(1)

Causes of Corruption

(2)

A Multifaceted Anti-Corruption Strategy

(6)

Conclusions

(1)

Bibliography

(3)

On the Political Nature of Corruption

(14)

Daniel Lederman

Norman V. Loayza

Rodrigo R. Soares

Introduction

(1)

Part One: The Nature of Corruption

(3)

Part Two: Empirical Study

(3)

Part Three: The Results

(3)

Conclusion

(1)

Bibliography

(3)

Political Will

(10)

Sahr Kpundeh

Phyllis Dininio

Introduction

(1)

Identifying Political Will

(2)

Challenges to Political Will

(1)

Strengthening Political Will

(3)

Conclusion

(1)

Bibliography

(3)

Part II. Legislation

Parliament and Anti-Corruption Legislation

(30)

Jeremy Pope

Introduction

(1)

Laws to Punish and Deter the Corrupt

(11)

Laws Contributing to an Administrative and Social Environment in Which Corrupt Acts Are Less Likely to Take Place

(2)

Laws on Subjects in Which Corrupt Actions Would Be Likely to Occur If the Legislation Is Not ``Corruption-Proofed''

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Bibliography

(2)

Case Study on the Role of Parliament in the Fight Against Corruption: The Case of the Kenyan Parliament

(12)

Fred Matiangi

Introduction

(1)

The Economics of Transition and the Challenge of Conflict of Interest

(1)

The Political Events of the 1960s and Tensions of Postindependence Politics

(1)

One-Party State Politics

(1)

The Constitutional Position of Parliament

(1)

The Goldenberg Scandal

(1)

Parliamentary Anti-Corruption Select Committee

(2)

Conclusion

(5)

Part III. Oversight and Financial Control

Effective Financial Scrutiny

(20)

Joachim Wehner

Introduction

(1)

The Budget Cycle

(2)

Ex Ante Scrutiny

(3)

Ex Post Scrutiny

(2)

Conclusion

(1)

Bibliography

(3)

Case Study on the Performance of Public Accounts Committees: A Review of the Canadian PAC, 37th Parliament

(8)

Martin Ulrich

Introduction

(1)

Part One: Committee Roles

(1)

Part Two: PAC Activity and Products: 37th Parliament

(2)

Part Three: Investing in Results

(1)

Part Four: Committee Management

(1)

Part Five: Political Party Issues

(1)

Part Six: Concluding Observations

(2)

Parliament and Supreme Audit Institutions

101

(10)

Rick Stapenhurst

Jack Titsworth

Introduction

101

(1)

Different Types of SAI

101

(2)

The Role of Parliament

103

(1)

Conditions for Successful SAIs

104

(3)

Role of SAIs in Curbing Corruption

107

(1)

Bibliography

108

(3)

The Role of the Media in Curbing Corruption

111

(24)

Rod Macdonell

Milica Pesic

Introduction

111

(1)

Tangible Effects of Journalism on Corruption

111

(5)

Intangible Effects of Journalism on Corruption

116

(1)

How Can The Media Be Strengthened?

117

(8)

Conclusions

125

(1)

Bibliography

126

(3)

Case Study on the Role of Parliament and the Media in the Fight against Corruption

129

(6)

John Smith

Background

129

(1)

Institutional Setup in Uganda

130

(1)

Allegations against the Ministers

130

(3)

Role of the Media

133

(1)

Lessons Learned

133

(1)

Conclusion

134

(1)

Anti-Corruption Commissions

135

(22)

John Heilbrunn

Introduction

135

(1)

The Universal Model: Hong Kong's ICAC

136

(1)

The Investigative Model: Singapore's CPIB

137

(2)

The Parliamentary Model: The New South Wales ICAC

139

(2)

The Multiagency Model: The United States Office of Government Ethics (OGE)

141

(1)

Other Experiences

142

(3)

Unraveling the Puzzle

145

(1)

Conclusion

146

(1)

Bibliography

147

(2)

Case Study: The European Parliament's Role in the Resignation of the Santer Commission

149

(8)

Katia Stasinopoulou

Introduction

149

(1)

Part One: The Roles of the European Commission and the European Parliament

149

(2)

Part Two: The Collective Resignation of the Santer Commission and Its Repercussions

151

(3)

Conclusion

154

(3)

Part IV. Representation

Building Coalitions: Parliaments, Civil Society, and Corruption Control

157

(18)

Michael Johnston

Introduction: Sustaining Reform

157

(2)

Parliaments, ``Political Will,'' and Civil Society

159

(1)

The Civil Society Connection: Building Social Action Coalitions

160

(4)

What's In It for Me? Thinking about Incentives

164

(5)

Parliaments and Coalitions Together

169

(3)

Bibliography

172

(3)

Political Parties

175

(12)

Riccardo Pelizzo

Introduction

175

(1)

Institutionalization of Political Organizations

175

(2)

The Institutionalization of Political Parties

177

(1)

Parties' Weak Institutionalization and Potential for Corruption

178

(3)

Conclusions and Suggestions

181

(3)

Bibliography

184

(3)

Part V. Corruption in Political Parties and Parliament

Party Political Funding

187

(10)

Michael Pinto-Duschinsky

Introduction

187

(1)

Political Finance and Political Corruption

187

(4)

Regulations and Subsidies

191

(3)

Trends: Real and Perceived

194

(1)

The Role of Legislators in Controlling Corruption Related to Political Finance

195

(1)

Bibliography

196

(1)

Legislative Ethics and Codes of Conduct

197

(20)

Rick Stapenhurst

Riccardo Pelizzo

Introduction

197

(1)

The Need for an Effective Ethics Regime

198

(1)

Legislative Codes of Conduct

199

(1)

Are There Complementary Factors That Can Contribute to the Effectiveness of Codes of Conduct?

200

(4)

Conclusions and Recommendations

204

(2)

Bibliography

206

(1)

Case Study of the House of Commons: How Can Parliamentary Codes and Registers of Members' Interests Help?

207

(10)

Sir Philip Mawer

Introduction

207

(1)

Context

207

(1)

Development of the Present Arrangements

208

(1)

Key Elements in the Present Arrangements

208

(2)

How Complaints Are Handled

210

(2)

Independent Review

212

(1)

Lessons from the House of Commons Experience

212

(1)

Conclusion

213

(4)

Part VI. International Parliamentary Links

Building Parliamentary Networks

217

(46)

John Williams

Evolving Forms of Networking and Knowledge Sharing

217

(1)

What Are the Roles of a Parliamentarian?

218

(1)

Why Parliamentary Networks?

219

(2)

Example One: Global Organization of Parliamentarians Against Corruption (GOPAC)

221

(2)

Example Two: Parliamentary Network on the World Bank

223

(1)

Lessons Learned

224

(2)

Bibliography

226

(1)

Afterword

227

(10)

Denis Marshall

A Commonwealth Perspective

227

(1)

Wider International Cooperation

228

(1)

The Parliamentary Dimension

228

(1)

Political Will

229

(1)

Legislation

230

(3)

Parliament and Finance

233

(1)

Oversight

233

(2)

Representation

235

(1)

Conclusion

235

(2)

Contributors

237

(8)

Appendixes

Global Governance and Parliamentary Influence

245

(6)

Kimmo Kiljunen

Introduction

245

(1)

The Challenge of Globalization

246

(1)

International Parliamentary Assemblies and Cooperation

247

(2)

New Proposals

249

(1)

Conclusion

250

(1)

WBI-CPA Conferences at Wilton Park: Reports

251

(12)

Nicholas Hopkinson

Riccardo Pelizzo

Introduction

251

(1)

Political Will

252

(1)

Government and Parliament

253

(2)

Financing Political Parties

255

(1)

The Public Sector

256

(4)

Other Actors

260

(3)

Conclusion

263

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The Role of Parliaments in Curbing Corruption

Summary

Table of Contents

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