Roman Europe 1000 BC - AD 400

Considering the viewpoints of both the conquerors and the conquered, this captivating volume traces the rise of Rome and the extension of Roman power across Europe from 1000 BC to AD 400. It reconstructs as much as possible the indigenous experience of contact with Rome, showing how Roman domination affected the already complex world of Iron Age Europe before leaving a new "barbarian" world in its wake. Roman Europe 1000 BC-AD 400 includes contributions from eight experts who use both literary and archaeological evidence to analyze the transformation of Europe and the origins of the Middle Ages. Featuring chapters on Iron Age Europe, Roman society, warfare and the army, economy and trade, religions, and the cultural implications of Roman conquest, the book also contains narrative chapters on war and politics.

Edward Bispham is Lecturer in Ancient History at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Brasenose and St Anne's Colleges. He has published widely on various aspects of Roman history, including (as editor) The Edinbrugh Companion to Ancient Greece and Rome and From Asculum to Actium: The Municipalization of Italy from the Social War to Augustus, which is also published by Oxford University Press.

List of Illustrations	p. xv
List of Maps	p. xvi
List of Contributors	p. xvii
Introduction	p. 1
Peoples of temperate Europe before the Roman conquest	p. 8
Introduction	p. 8
Geography	p. 9
The Late Bronze Age background	p. 11
Towns, trade, and status in the Early Iron Age (800-450 BC)	p. 13
New styles and changing relationships (450-400 BC)	p. 17
Larger communities and public ritual (400-150 BC)	p. 19
Urban centres of the Late Iron Age	p. 22
The native peoples and Rome	p. 25
Approaches to understanding changes at the end of the Iron Age	p. 29
The Roman Republic: political history	p. 32
From monarchy to Republic	p. 33
The early Republic (c.509-338)	p. 36
The middle Republic (c.338-218): formalization of the state	p. 39
Foreign relations to the end of the Hannibalic War	p. 42
World domination, political strife	p. 51
The end of the Republic	p. 60
The Roman Empire from Augustus to Diocletian	p. 69
Europe in the empire	p. 72
The sources	p. 78
From triumvir to princeps	p. 81
Government: city and empire	p. 83
The governing class	p. 87
The emperor and the army	p. 91
The transmission of power: Tiberius to the Antonines	p. 95
Centre and periphery	p. 97
The Augustan settlement renegotiated	p. 101
The principate in crisis	p. 104
The empire at the accession of Diocletian	p. 107
Roman society	p. 109
The Roman household	p. 112
familia, domus and social networks	p. 129
Conclusion	p. 133
Warfare and the Army	p. 135
War: what is it good for?	p. 139
Who did the fighting?	p. 149
War and society: Rome and Italy	p. 165
The impact of war: the empire	p. 166
Economy and trade	p. 170
Introduction	p. 170
Production	p. 172
Labour	p. 180
Distribution and trade	p. 181
Consumption and services	p. 189
Coinage and monetization	p. 193
City and countryside	p. 198
The third century and after	p. 199
The Roman European economy in the perspective of the longue duree	p. 201
Religions	p. 203
A history divine	p. 203
The shock of the old	p. 206
sacra publica-the 'state religion'	p. 212
sacra priuata	p. 216
North-western Europe	p. 217
The empire: the third century AD	p. 225
Christianity	p. 231
The cultural implications of the Roman conquest	p. 234
The problem	p. 234
Politics, law, and language	p. 240
Cities, architecture, and art	p. 250
Landscapes and communities	p. 260
Conclusion	p. 263
The fourth century	p. 265
Introduction	p. 265
A brief history of the fourth century	p. 268
Rome in the fourth century	p. 273
The wandering imperial 'capital': Trier, Milan, and Aquileia	p. 278
'Cadavers of half-ruined cities': towns of fourth-century Roman Europe	p. 281
Urban defences	p. 286
Defence in the countryside: the return to oppida	p. 288
The countryside	p. 290
Paganism and Christianity beyond the imperial 'capitals'	p. 293
Conclusion: being Roman in fourth-century Europe	p. 296
Peoples beyond the Roman imperial frontiers	p. 299
Introduction	p. 299
Roman representations of barbarians	p. 299
Warlike barbarians	p. 301
Archaeology of the peoples beyond the frontiers	p. 303
Dynamics of change from the third to the fifth century	p. 319
The archaeology of interaction in the frontier zone	p. 326
Further Reading	p. 329
Chronology	p. 343
Maps	p. 359
Index	p. 367
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Roman Europe 1000 BC - AD 400

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