Rousseau

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ISBN: 9780415308632 | 0415308631
Cover: Nonspecific Binding
Copyright: 7/29/2003

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Timothy O'Hagan investigates Jean-Jacques Rousseau's writings concerning the formation of humanity, of the individual and of the citizen in his three master works: theDiscourse on the Origin of Inequality among Men,Emileand theSocial Contract. He explores Rousseau's reflections on the sexes, language and religion. O'Hagan gives Rousseau's arguments a close and sympathetic reading. He writes as a philosopher, not a historian, yet he never loses sight of the cultural context of Rousseau's work.

Preface

Acknowledgements

Introduction. Rousseau: the life and the work

(10)

(A) Geneva: an eccentric upbringing (1712-28)

(1)

(B) Savoy and France: discovery and loss of love (1728-42)

(1)

(2)

(D) Montmorency, Montlouis: the maturing of a genius (1756-62)

(1)

(E) Switzerland, England, France: years of exile (1762-70)

(2)

(F) Return to Paris: a life withdrawn (1770-8)

(1)

(G) Sickness and solitude

(1)

(H) The three axes of Rousseau's thought

(1)

(I) Hume's generous judgment

(1)

I Rousseau's divided thought: the morality of the senses and the morality of duty

(22)

(A) Two themes in tension

(4)

(B) 'Man is a naturally good creature'

(1)

(D) Contradiction

(1)

(E) Imagination and amour-propre

(1)

(F) Three strategies of identification

(3)

(G) Julie's 'Elysium': dialectic of nature and art

(1)

(H) The perils of manipulation and bad faith

(3)

(I) 'Virtue is a state of war'

(3)

(J) The fate of the morality of the senses

(1)

(K) Romanticism and reason: two perspectives on the morality of the senses

(4)

II The Discourse on the Origin of Inequality Among Men

(26)

(A) Time and 'the sciences of man'

(6)

(B) 'Nascent man' in the 'pure state of nature'

(9)

(4)

(D) Civil society, the specious contract and despotism

(4)

(E) Finale

(2)

III The Emile

(28)

(A) Introduction, Rousseau's judgment on the Emile

(2)

(B) The form of the treatise/novel

(1)

(4)

(D) Negative education and the art of timing

(3)

(E) Reason and reasoning

(5)

(F) Reason: the method and the goal. Drawing and geometry

(2)

(G) Reason: the method and the goal. Physics

(1)

(H) Physics and morality: tricks with the conjuror

(1)

(I) Stoicism: reining in the imagination, closing the gap between desires and reality

(3)

(J) An education for autonomy. Stages of autonomy and authority

(3)

(K) Freedom, judgment, knowledge

(4)

IV The Social Contract: principles of right

(22)

(A) Introduction: the Social Contract, an uncompleted fragment

(3)

(B) Right and fact

(1)

(3)

(D) Errors of the predecessors

(2)

(E) The legitimate contract: free-riders and the 'remarkable change in man'

(5)

(F) Interests and rationality

101

(1)

(G) Legitimacy and property

102

(7)

V The empire of the laws: the general will and totalitarianism

109

(24)

(A) The empire of the laws

109

(2)

(B) Total alienation: the contractual basis of absolutism

111

(3)

114

(4)

(D) No factions: Rousseau's anxiety concerning pluralism

118

(2)

(E) Voting procedures to guarantee the emergence of the general will

120

(2)

(F) Legal voluntarism

122

(4)

Appendix I: Internal and external sanctions: the voice of conscience and the free-rider

126

(3)

Appendix II: Interests, free-riders and the general will

129

(1)

Appendix III: 'Conventions' and 'contracts'

130

(3)

VI The Social Contract: maxims of politics

133

(29)

(A) The people

133

(2)

(B) 'Institutional systems'

135

(1)

136

(16)

(D) Maxims drawn from history: the inference from the existent to the possible

152

(3)

(E) Moeurs: laws 'engraved in the hearts of the citizens'

155

(2)

(F) Cosmopolitanism and 'the little platoon'

157

(5)

VII Amour-propre

162

(18)

(A) The genesis of amour-propre

163

(3)

(B) Amour-propre as the key to socialization: the Emile

166

(5)

171

(2)

(D) Amour-propre: negative pole

173

(2)

(E) From positive to negative: the mechanism of degeneration

175

(3)

(F) Amour-propre, self-esteem, pride and vanity

178

(1)

(G) Towards an anarchic egalitarianism?

179

(1)

VIII Men and women

180

(22)

(A) An anthropology of identity: the Second Discourse

181

(5)

(B) A politics of difference: the Third Discourse

186

(2)

188

(3)

(D) A psychology of difference: the Emile

191

(2)

(E) An education for difference: 'Sophie, ou de la femme'

193

(7)

(F) The natural and the social

200

(2)

IX Language

202

(19)

(A) The search for origins in history and psychology

202

(5)

(B) From passive to active: linearity and 'l'arbitraire du signe'

207

(2)

209

(2)

(D) 'Le génie des langues'

211

(2)

(E) The development of language

213

(2)

(F) Language and liberation: two dénouements

215

(4)

(G) Rousseau's position in the history of linguistics

219

(2)

X Religion and politics

221

(14)

(A) Introduction. Social Contract IV 8 'On civil religion'

221

(1)

(B) Historical sketch

222

(1)

223

(3)

(D) Normative programme

226

(1)

(E) The problem of toleration

227

(8)

XI Negative theology: revealed religion criticized

235

(15)

(A) Rousseau's religiosity

235

(2)

(B) Rousseau and the Vicar

237

(1)

238

(3)

(D) No original sin

241

(4)

(E) No personal providence

245

(2)

(F) No miracles. Prayer as rational communication, not entreaty

247

(3)

XII Positive theology: natural religion defended

250

(21)

(A) Article I: 'A will moves the universe'

250

(2)

(B) Article II: 'Matter moved according to certain laws shows me an intelligence'. Rousseau vs. Diderot

252

(6)

258

(4)

(D) Religion and morality

262

(3)

(E) Religion, order and 'seeing as'

265

(4)

Appendix: Rousseau and Kant

269

(2)

Concluding Reflections

271

(2)

Notes

273

(26)

Bibliography and Reference Conventions

299

(10)

Index

309

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Rousseau

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