The Routledge Companion to Early Modern

This iscompact and highly accessible work of reference that covers the broad sweep of events as Europe transformed during the period from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment.

Chris Cook is a Visiting-Research Fellow at the LSE Library

List of maps

vii

Preface

ix

Acknowledgements

x

Part I Political History

1

Heads of State

2

Political Chronologies

16

France

16

Italy

32

The Netherlands

38

Prussia

41

The Baltic

45

Poland-Lithuania

48

Russia

52

The Ottoman Empire

59

The Holy Roman Empire

65

The Austrian Monarchy

81

Spain

87

Portugal

98

England

100

Part II Warfare and Diplomacy

101

The Military Revolution

102

Major Wars and Rebellions

104

Treaties and Alliances

128

Part III Religion

141

Religious Life in Europe on the Eve of the Reformation

142

Martin Luther and the Reformation

144

Zwingli and the Reformation in Zurich

147

Calvin and Geneva

149

The Reformation and Civil War in France

151

Reformation and Revolt in the Netherlands

155

The Radical Reformation

158

The Reformation and Religious Change in Early Modern England

161

The Northern Reformation

164

The Catholic Church after 1517

165

The Inquisition

169

The Jesuits

172

Lutheranism from 1546

174

The Expansion of Christianity Overseas

176

The Jews in Early Modern Europe

178

Witchcraft in the Early Modern Period

180

Part IV Economy and Society

183

Population, Urbanisation and Health

184

Wages and Prices

190

Trade, Commerce and Industry

195

The Atlantic Slave Trade

200

Part V Culture and Society

203

The Renaissance

204

The Enlightenment

207

Enlightened Despotism to c. 1763

210

Science and Technology

212

Part VI The Expansion of Europe

215

The Age of Reconnaissance

216

The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1450-1668

219

The Spanish Seaborne Empire, 1492-1588

221

The Dutch Seaborne Empire

223

The First British Empire

225

The French Empire (France Outremer)

228

The Portuguese and Spanish Empires: A Glossary of Places

229

Main Territories under British Rule by 1763

232

Part VII Biographies

235

Part VIII Glossary of Terms

261

Part IX Bibliography

287

Genealogies

319

Maps

335

Index

359

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The Routledge Companion to Early Modern Europe, 1453û1763

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials