Running on Empty in Central America?

Running on Empty explores the efforts of Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. to deepen their involvement in the economy of Central America. Despite organized efforts and initiatives all belong to NAFTA and FTA only the efforts of the U.S. succeeded, while Canada failed, and Mexico still struggles. Why? In this new work, author A. Imtiaz Hussain questions if it was in fact HOW they negotiated their case that precipitated their success or failure.

A. Imtiaz Hussain is Professor of International Relations at Universidad Iberoamericana in Mexico City.

Introduction: Nothing but the Full Enchilada? Central America's FTA Rainbow & Goldpot

1

(22)

Questions

1

(1)

FTA Splurge & Central American Convergence

1

(3)

Connecting Threads and Dissenting Tendencies

4

(7)

Multilateral Institutionalism

5

(2)

Washington Consensus

7

(1)

US Agriculture

8

(2)

US Fast-track Authority

10

(1)

Central America: Forbidden Fruit?

11

(3)

Organization

14

(9)

Negotiating Styles

15

(1)

Bringing Apples & Oranges Together: The Methodology

16

(1)

Overview

17

(6)

Fitting the Cloth: Asymmetry, Undulations, & Postulations

23

(15)

Introduction

23

(1)

FTAA in Theoretical Framework

24

(5)

Cascading Modular Multilateralism

25

(1)

Hemispheric Diplomacy

26

(1)

Central American Relevance

26

(3)

Stages

29

(4)

Playing-field Asymmetry

33

(1)

Multiple Exit Options

34

(1)

Conclusions

35

(3)

Pits-to-Pedestal Sojourn? Central America in Northern Embrace

38

(36)

Introduction

38

(1)

Trading Relationships & Stances in Historical Perspective

38

(20)

Economic Front

39

(1)

Overview

39

(3)

Regionalism

42

(3)

National Action Plans: Engine of Structural Changes?

45

(5)

Development

50

(3)

Political Front

53

(1)

US Experiences

53

(1)

Mexican Experiences

53

(3)

Canada's Experiences

56

(1)

North American Experiences in Comparative Perspectives

57

(1)

Evolution of Integrative Proposals

58

(7)

View from the Ivory Tower

65

(1)

Conclusions

66

(8)

Observations

66

(2)

Lessons

68

(6)

Sticky Feet, Tied Hands, Cold Showers: Old Wine in New Bottle?

74

(40)

Introduction: Policy-formulation versus Implementation

74

(1)

CA4FTA-CAFTA: Of Fruits and Fruitful Comparisons

75

(19)

Costa Rica: Ugly Duckling or Darling?

76

(1)

Comparative Negotiations: Down to the Wire

76

(2)

Overview

78

(3)

Agriculture

81

(5)

Textiles

86

(2)

Telecommunication

88

(1)

Labor

88

(3)

Environment

91

(1)

Power and Policy Means and Ends Relationship

91

(2)

Results

93

(1)

PPP, the Implementation Dynamics, and Negotiations Themes

94

(3)

PPP: Purposes, Progression, and Projects

94

(3)

Themes from North American-Central American Embrace

97

(3)

Wages and Industrial Migration

98

(1)

Developing-Developed Country Syndrome

99

(1)

Society-State-Supranational Nexus

100

(1)

CAFTA-CA4FTA-PPP Comparative Analysis

100

(4)

Negotiating Structure

101

(1)

Developmental Gap

102

(1)

Cultural Considerations

102

(1)

Policy-making Inclinations

103

(1)

Exogenous Affiliations

103

(1)

Similarities, Differences, & Implications

104

(10)

Similarities

104

(1)

Differences

105

(2)

Implications

107

(7)

Gatekeeping & Vain-Stakeouts: Balancing Inside-Out & Outside-In Forces

114

(34)

Introduction: Four Attention Levels

114

(2)

Blowing in Societal Winds

116

(8)

Pinpointing Bridges & Blockers

119

(5)

Little Leaguers in Gulliver-sized Games

124

(7)

Supranationalizing Market Fundamentalism or Localizing Supranationalism?

131

(5)

Collision with CMM & HD

136

(3)

Similarities

136

(1)

Differences

136

(3)

Big Fishes & Little Streams

139

(5)

Sifting Information, Fitting Models

142

(2)

Conclusions: Warden with no Walls

144

(4)

Conclusions: Running on an Empty Tank?

148

(9)

Going With the Flow

148

(4)

Puzzles and Paradoxes

149

(3)

Implications: Liberalization and the Vanishing Act

152

(5)

Empirical

152

(1)

Theoretical

153

(4)

Bibliography

157

(12)

Index

169

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Running on Empty in Central America?

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials