Russia and the USSR, 1855û1991: Autocracy and Dictatorship

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ISBN: 9780415335768 | 0415335760
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 1/13/2006

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Russia 1855-1964explores all the key aspects of this extremely important period in Russian history. Stephen J. Lee examines and compares the ideologies of Tsarist autocracy and Soviet Communism and the opposition to these regimes. The 1917 revolution, the use of repression and terror by these regimes and the impact of the First and Second World War on Russia are also analyzed.

List of illustrations

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Outline chronology

xiii

List of abbreviations

xxiii

1 Ideologies and regimes

(25)

Analysis 1: What were the main features of the ideologies of Tsarist autocracy and Soviet Communism?

(8)

Analysis 2: 'Their rule was conditioned by a fundamental ideology on which their power depended'. To what extent would you agree with this assessment of either Nicholas II or Stalin?

(5)

Analysis 3: Compare autocracy and Marxism-Leninism as ideologies within the context of Tsarist and Soviet Russia.

(5)

Sources:

1. The theory and practice of autocracy in late-Tsarist Russia

(4)

2. Marxism, Marxism-Leninism and Stalinism

(3)

2 Constitutional development

(25)

Analysis 1: Outline the development of Russia's constitutional structure between 1855 and 1991.

(4)

Analysis 2: Explain why, and with what degree of success, new constitutional structures were introduced in either the late-Tsarist or Soviet periods.

(6)

Analysis 3: Discuss the similarities and differences between the constitutions introduced during the late-Tsarist and Soviet periods.

(6)

Sources:

1. The Imperial Constitution of 1906

(6)

2. The Constitutions of the USSR

(3)

3. Political parties

(20)

Analysis 1: Examine the meaning and development of political parties between 1855 and 1991.

(5)

Analysis 2: How successful were either Alexander III and Nicholas II or Lenin and Stalin in controlling the power of political parties?

(6)

Analysis 3: 'The meaning of political party differed profoundly between the Tsarist and Soviet regimes'. Do you agree?

(3)

Sources:

1. Political parties in Tsarist Russia

(3)

2. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union under the leadership of Stalin

(3)

4 Repression and terror

(22)

Analysis 1: Explain the development of the secret police in Russia between 1826 and 1991.

(5)

Analysis 2: 'Ruthless but effective'. Assess this view of the secret police either in Tsarist Russia under Nicholas II or in the Soviet Union under Stalin.

(7)

Analysis 3: Compare the use of repression and terror by the Tsarist and Soviet regimes between 1855 and 1991.

(5)

Sources:

1. Terror, moderation and the secret police under Nicholas II

(1)

2. Historians and Stalin's Terror

(4)

5 The nationalities

(25)

Analysis 1: Examine the development of nationalities within Russia and the Soviet Union between 1800 and 1991.

(5)

Analysis 2: 'The most repressive of their policies, in response to the greatest of their threats'. To what extent do you agree with this assessment of the treatment of the nationalities either by Alexander II, Alexander III and Nicholas II or by Lenin and Stalin?

(8)

Analysis 3: Compare the treatment of the nationalities by the Tsarist and Soviet regimes between 1855 and 1991. How effective were their policies?

106

(7)

Sources:

1. The policies of Alexander Ill and Nicholas II towards the nationalities

113

(2)

2. Different perspectives on the nationalities under the Tsarist and Soviet regimes

115

(3)

6 The impact of war

118

(21)

Analysis 1: Explain the impact of war on Russia's internal development between 1854 and 1991.

118

(4)

Analysis 2: 'A turning point in the fortunes of the Russian regime'. Discuss this view in relation to either the First World War or the Second World War.

122

(9)

Analysis 3: Compare the Tsarist and Soviet regimes at war.

131

(3)

Sources:

1. The impact of the First World War on Russia

134

(2)

2. The impact of the Second World War on the Soviet Union

136

(3)

7 Agriculture and industry

139

(21)

Analysis 1: What were the key developments in Russian agriculture and industry after 1855?

139

(4)

Analysis 2: Can the economic policies of either Witte or Stalin be considered a 'turning point' in Russian history?

143

(6)

Analysis 3: Compare the economic performances of the late-Tsarist regime (1855-1917) and the Soviet Union (1917-91).

149

(6)

Sources:

1. Witte and Russian industry

155

(2)

2. Stalin and Soviet agriculture

157

(3)

8 The social classes

160

(30)

Analysis 1: Examine the development of the peasantry and urban workers between 1855 and 1991. 16o

Analysis 2: 'A substantial difference between theory and practice'. How effectively does this describe the official view of social class either between 1855 and 1917 or between 1918 and 1991?

165

(10)

Analysis 3: Compare the response of the different classes to the late-Tsarist and Soviet regimes, 1855-1991.

175

(8)

Sources:

1. Alexander II and the abolition of serfdom

183

(3)

2. The motivation of the Soviet workforce in the 1930's

186

(4)

Glossary of terms

190

(8)

Notes

198

(7)

Select bibliography

205

(3)

Index

208

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Russia and the USSR, 1855û1991: Autocracy and Dictatorship

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