'Safe Moor'd in Greenwich Tier' : A Study of

The Old Burial Ground of the Royal Hospital Greenwich (1749 -1857) provided the resting place for a very motley crew - the battered and worn out veterans of the Royal Navy of the Georgian period. Recent excavations in the cemetery by Oxford Archaeology revealed the coffined burials of over a hundred Greenwich Pensioners (the Naval equivalent of the Chelsea Pensioners), who had ended their long and colourful lives at the Hospital. These were sailors and marines that sailed and fought in Britain's numerous wars of the 18th century, many seeing action at such famous engagements as the Glorious First of June, Copenhagen, the Nile, and Trafalgar. The hazards and physical demands of their lives are clearly reflected in their skeletons, with fractures, infections, amputations, joint disease and scurvy being common. Osteological findings are interpreted in the light of rich documentary sources on the social history of the lowerdeck of Nelson's Navy, and form an invaluable alternative data set in reconstructing the extraordinary lives of these 'picked and brine pickled survivors'.

List of Figures
List of Plates
List of Tables
Introduction	p. 1
Project Background	p. 1
Archaeological and Historical Background	p. 1
Project Aims	p. 4
Fieldwork Methodology	p. 5
The Burial Ground and Greenwich Pensioners	p. 7
The Burial Ground
The Royal Hospital Over Time	p. 10
Social History of the Greenwich Pensioners	p. 11
Life of In-Pensioners in the Hospital
Women and Children at the Royal Hospital	p. 18
Results of the Fieldwork	p. 21
Introduction	p. 21
Fieldwork Results	p. 21
Human Skeletal Remains	p. 31
Introduction	p. 31
Preservation and Completeness	p. 33
Palaeodemography	p. 34
Stature Estimation	p. 35
Skeletal Pathology	p. 37
Discussion	p. 67
Conclusion	p. 69
Coffins and Coffin Fittings	p. 71
Introduction	p. 71
Historic Background	p. 71
Coffin Construction and Decoration	p. 71
Discussion	p. 71
Conclusion	p. 73
Selected Trafalgar Veterans Who Died in the Royal Hospital, Greenwich (After Ayshford and Ayshford 2004)	p. 75
Grave Catalogue	p. 79
Skeletal Catalogue	p. 93
Coffin Fittings	p. 128
Detailed Catalogue of Selected Metalwork and Textile from Graves	p. 139
Pottery	p. 143
Clay Pipes	p. 146
Glass	p. 148
Ceramic Building Material	p. 149
Animal Bone	p. 150
Research Projects Undertaken on the Assemblage	p. 152
Bibliography	p. 153
Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved.

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'Safe Moor'd in Greenwich Tier' : A Study of the Skeletons of Royal Navy Sailors and Marines Excavated at the Royal Hospital Greenwich

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