Sampling Inspection Tables Single and Double

The sampling inspection tables presented in this book were developed for use in the manufacture of communication apparatus and equipment for the Bell Telephone System. It assembles under one cover the three papers of original publication and adds a brief introduction. The papers have been reproduced with no modifications but the material has been rearranged in chapters. Chapter 1 outlines some of the factors to be considered in setting up inspection plans and develops a basis for minimizing the amount of inspection. Chapter 2 covers double sampling, the "average outgoing quality limit" (AOQL) concept, and the mathematical background of the tables. Chapter 3 is a reproduction by permission, which outlines the shop procedures for applying the tables.

Harold French Dodge was one of the principal architects of the science of statistical quality control. He is universally known for his work in originating acceptance sampling plans for putting inspection operations on a scientific basis in terms of controllable risks. Harry G. Romig is the author of Sampling Inspection Tables: Single and Double Sampling, 2nd Revised and Expanded Edition, published by Wiley.

Introduction

Factors Influencing the Design of Inspection Plans

1

(1)

Application of Tables

2

(1)

Application When Rejected Lots Are Not Screened

3

(1)

Choosing a Sampling Plan

4

(1)

Table of ``Sequence of Steps''

4

(2)

Examples of AOQL Values Chosen for Various Inspections

6

(4)

A Method of Sampling Inspection

General Considerations in Setting Up an Inspection Method

10

(1)

Fig. 1-1 Some of the factors to be considered

11

(1)

Conditions under Which the Present Method Applies

11

(1)

Protection and Economy Features of the Method

12

(1)

Single Sampling Method of Inspection

12

(2)

Charts for Single Sampling

14

(1)

Fig. 1-2 Chart for finding the acceptance number

14

(1)

Illustrative Example

15

(2)

Fig. 1-3 Curves for finding the size of the sample

15

(1)

Fig. 1-4 Curves for finding the minimum amount of inspection per lot

16

(1)

Other Methods of Inspection

17

(1)

Mathematical Relations

17

(4)

Nomenclature

17

(1)

Table 1-1 Disposition of variables

18

(3)

Single Sampling and Double Sampling Inspection Tables

General Field of Application

21

(2)

Inspection Procedures

23

(1)

Protection and Economy Features

23

(2)

Fig. 2-1 Double sampling inspection procedure

24

(1)

Single Sampling--Lot Quality Protection

25

(2)

Table 2-1 Solution for a particular case

26

(1)

Fig. 2-2 Relation between Consumer's Risk and Producer's Risk

26

(1)

Fig. 2-3 Basis of choosing the n and c values

27

(1)

Double Sampling--Lot Quality Protection

27

(2)

Table 2-2 Computation of Consumer's Risk

28

(1)

Single Sampling--Average Quality Protection

29

(1)

Fig. 2-4 Relationship between incoming quality, outgoing quality, and AOQL

29

(1)

Double Sampling--Average Quality Protection

30

(1)

Application of Sampling Tables

30

(2)

Fig. 2-5 Relative amount of inspection, double and single sampling

31

(1)

Acknowledgment

32

(1)

Mathematical Relations

33

(11)

Fig. 2-6 Probability curves of the Poisson distribution

35

(1)

Fig. 2-7 Chart for determining acceptance numbers, c1 and c2--lot tolerance protection

36

(2)

Fig. 2-8 Chart for determining sample sizes, n1 and n2--lot tolerance protection

38

(1)

Table 2-3 Values of x and y for given values of c

39

(1)

Fig. 2-9 Chart for determining the acceptance number, c--AOQL protection

40

(1)

Fig. 2-10 Work chart giving pt values

41

(1)

Nomenclature

42

(1)

References

42

(2)

Using Double Sampling Inspection in a Manufacturing Plant

Steps in Setting Up a Double Sampling Lot Inspection Plan

44

(7)

Fig. 3-1 Typical double sampling table

45

(2)

Fig. 3-2 A typical layout for statistical sampling inspection

47

(1)

Fig. 3-3 Form used for the lot-by-lot record

48

(2)

Fig. 3-4 Form used for the summary of results

50

(1)

Application of the Double Sampling Plan by the Inspector

51

(1)

Fig. 3-5 Flow chart for double sampling

51

(1)

Supervision of the Double Sampling Plan

52

(2)

Importance of Conscientious Adherence to Procedure

54

(1)

Operating Characteristics of Sampling Plans

The Operating Characteristic Curve

55

(1)

Two Types of OC Curves

56

(1)

Comparison of the Two Types of OC Curves

56

(3)

Fig. 4-1 Type A OC curves

57

(1)

Fig. 4-2 Type B OC curve for lot of any size

58

(1)

Fig. 4-3 Type B OC curves for some single sampling plans

59

(1)

Computation Methods for OC Curves

59

(1)

Fig. 4-4 Chart of the pn area for ±0.005 accuracy

60

(1)

Acknowledgments

60

(1)

References

60

(1)

Appendix 1--OC Curves for All Single Sampling Plans in Appendix 6

61

(50)

Appendix 2--OC Curves for All Double Sampling Plans in Appendix 7

111

(60)

Appendix 3--OC Curves for Single Sampling Plans with c = 0, 1, 2, 3 and n ≤ 500 (based on binomial probabilities)

171

(10)

Appendix 4--Single Sampling Tables for Stated Values of Lot Tolerance Per Cent Defective (LTPD) with Consumer's Risk of 0.10

181

(6)

Appendix 5--Double Sampling Tables for Stated Values of Lot Tolerance Per Cent Defective (LTPD) with Consumer's Risk of 0.10

187

(10)

Appendix 6--Single Sampling Tables for Stated Values of Average Outgoing Quality Limit (AOQL)

197

(8)

Appendix 7--Double Sampling Tables for Stated Values of Average Outgoing Quality Limit (AOQL)

205

(14)

Index

219

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Sampling Inspection Tables Single and Double Sampling

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials