Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease

Clinical Infectious Disease is the only comprehensive single-volume reference on clinical infectious disease for the busy medical practitioner. Now in its third edition, Clinical Infectious Disease provides rapid access to a practical overview of clinical infectious disease topics such as the susceptible host and nosocomial infection. Organized in topically relevant sections for ease of use and supported by full-color illustrations, this volume focuses on differential diagnosis, focused testing, and practical empiric and specific therapeutics in clinical infectious disease. It also features current research on medical microbiology, antimicrobial stewardship, and evolving treatments for COVID-19.

Authoritative and accessible, Clinical Infectious Disease remains the "go to" desktop reference for daily clinical infectious disease problems.

Cheston B. Cunha is Assistant Professor of Medicine at Brown University Alpert School of Medicine. He is also Medical Director of the Rhode Island Hospital and Miriam Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Program and Associate Program Director for the Infectious Disease Fellowship at Brown University.
Dr. Cunha's clinical and research interests include general infectious diseases, antimicrobial therapy and stewardship, ancient plagues, and fever of unknown origin (FUO).

Preface
Contributors

Section 1 - Clinical syndromes: General

1 Fever of unknown origin
Cheston B. Cunha and Burke A. Cunha

2 Sepsis
Leeja Joseph and Rodger D. MacArthur

3 Chronic fatigue syndrome
Stephen J. Gluckman

Section 2 - Clinical syndromes: Head and neck

4 Pharyngotonsillitis
Itzhak Brook

5 Infectious thyroiditis
Jeanne Carey and Stephen G. Baum

6 Otitis
Stephen I. Pelton

7 Sinusitis
Rachel Kominsky and Todd Otteson

8 Dental infections
Jessica Moskovitz, Bridget Hathaway, Jennifer Rubin Grandis, and Jonas T. Johnson

9 Salivary and lacrimal gland infections
Alexandre Malek, Johny Fares, and Issam Raad

10 Deep neck infections
Jeremy D. Gradon

Section 3 - Clinical syndromes: Eye

11 Conjunctivitis
Elmer Y. Tu

12 Keratitis
Elmer Y. Tu, Francis S. Mah, and Jules Baum

13 Iritis
Alice Lorch and Ann-Marie Lobo

14 Retinitis
Hillary C. Stiefel and Daniel M. Albert

15 Endophthalmitis
Roy D. Brod, Harry W. Flynn, Jr., and Lili G. Kaplan

16 Periocular/Retro-orbital infections
Miriam Barshak and Marlene L. Durand

Section 4 - Clinical syndromes: Skin and lymph nodes

17 Fever and rash
John W. Sensacovic and Leon G. Smith

18 Toxic shock syndrome and Kawasaki disease
Evangelia M. Assimacopoulos, Aristides P. Assimacopoulos, Wilmara Salgado-Pab?n, and Patrick M. Schlievert

19 Viral exanthems
Romina Bromberg, Michael Thompson, Lisa M. Chirch, and Jane M. Grant-Kels

20 Skin ulcers
Joanne T. Maffei

21 Cellulitis and erysipelas
Katherine S. Glaser and Kenneth J. Tomecki

22 Deep soft-tissue infection: Necrotizing fasciitis and gas gangrene
Stephen Ash and Louis E. Kennedy

23 Human and animal bites
Ellie J. C. Goldstein and F. Abrahamian

24 Lice, scabies, and myiasis
Charlotte Bernigaud, Gentiane Monsel, and Olivier Chosidow

25 Tungiasis and bed bugs
Tania F. Cestari and Simone Pessato

26 Superficial fungal infection of skin and nails
Evelyn K. Koestenblatt and Jeffrey M. Weinberg

27 Eumycetoma
Ncoza C. Dlova, Anisa Mosam, and Antoinette Chateau

28 Lymphadenopathy/Lymphadenitis
Gerald Friedland and Sheela Shenoi

Section 5 - Clinical syndromes: Respiratory tract

29 Bronchitis
Phillippa Poole and Mark Hobbs

30 Croup, supraglottitis, and laryngitis
Irmgrad Behlau

31 Atypical pneumonia
Thomas M. File, Jr.

32 Community-acquired pneumonia
Keyur S. Vyas

33 Nosocomial pneumonia
Cheston B. Cunha and Burke A. Cunha

34 Aspiration pneumonia
Jean Gibb and Matthew Bidwell Goetz

35 Lung abscess
Amee Patrawalla and Lisa L. Dever

36 Empyema and bronchopleural fistula
Charlotte E. Bolton and Dennis J. Shale

Section 6 - Clinical syndromes: Heart and blood vessels

37 Endocarditis
John L. Brusch

38 Acute pericarditis
Richard A. Martinello and Michael Cappello

39 Myocarditis
Lori Blauwet and Andrew Rosenbaum

40 Mediastinitis
Ravi Karra and Keith S. Kaye

41 Vascular infection
Susan E. Beekmann and David K. Henderson

42 Infections of cardiovascular implantable devices
M. Rizwan Sohail, Daniel C. DeSimone, and James M. Steckelberg

Section 7 - Clinical syndromes: Gastrointestinal tract, liver, and abdomen

43 Acute viral hepatitis
Kalyan Ram Bhamidimarri and Paul Martin

44 Chronic viral hepatitis
Michelle E. Freshman and Lawrence S. Friedman

45 Biliary infection: Cholecystitis, cholangitis
Raghav Chandra and Robert V. Rege

46 Pyogenic liver abscess
Patricia Wong and H. Franklin Herlong

47 Infectious complications in acute pancreatitis
Jodie A. Barkin and Jamie S. Barkin

48 Esophageal infections
Uni Wong and Jean-Pierre Raufman

49 Gastroenteritis
Douglas R. Morgan, Vivian Chidi, and Robert L. Owen

50 Food poisoning
Carly R. Davis and Andrew T. Pavia

51 Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile
Cheston B. Cunha and Burke A. Cunha

52 Sexually transmitted enteric infections
Thomas C. Quinn

53 Acute appendicitis
Bian Wu and John Maa

54 Diverticulitis
Matthew D. Zelhart and Ronald L. Nichols

55 Abdominal abscess
K. Shad Pharaon and Donald D. Trunkey

56 Splenic abscess
Walter Dehority and Thomas R. Howdieshell

57 Peritonitis
Linda A. Slavoski and Matthew E. Levison

58 Whipple's disease and sprue
Amirkaveh Mojtahed and Payam Afshar

Section 8 - Clinical syndromes: Genitourinary tract

59 Urethritis and dysuria
George Pappas, Ioannis A. Bliziotis, and Matthew E. Falagas

60 Vaginitis and cervicitis
Sebastian Faro

61 Epididymo-orchitis
Rebecca Fallis and Daniel Mueller

62 Genital ulcer adenopathy syndrome
Allan Ronald

63 Prostatitis
Cheston B. Cunha and Burke A. Cunha

64 Pelvic inflammatory disease
William J. Ledger

65 Urinary tract infection
Peter Liu, Keith W. Hamilton, and Judith A. O'Donnell

66 Candiduria
Jack D. Sobel

67 Focal renal infections and papillary necrosis
Ann F. Fisher and Louise M. Dembry

Section 9 - Clinical syndromes: Musculoskeletal system

68 Infection of native and prosthetic joints
Shahbaz Hasan and James W. Smith

69 Bursitis
Richard H. Parker

70 Acute and chronic osteomyelitis
Ilona Kronig, Pierre Vaudaux, Domizio Suv?, Daniel Lew, and Ilker U?kay

71 Polyarthritis
Kathryn H. Dao and John J. Cush

72 Infectious polymyositis
Shanthi Kappagoda and Upinder Singh

73 Iliopsoas abscess
Larson Erb and Pamela A. Lipsett

Section 10 - Clinical syndromes: Neurologic system

74 Bacterial meningitis
Jennie E. Johnson and Allan R. Tunkel

75 Aseptic meningitis
Burt R. Meyers and Dalilah Restrepo

76 Viral encephalitis
John J. Halperin and David N. Irani

77 Intracranial suppuration
Brian Wispelwey and Christopher J. Arnold

78 Spinal epidural abscess
Mark J. DiNubile

79 Myelitis and peripheral neuropathy
Rohini Samudralwar and Rodrigo Hasbun

80 Reye syndrome
Debra L. Weiner and Amy Kritzer

81 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Christopher M. Perrone and Joseph R. Berger

82 Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection
Elisabeth E. Adderson and Patricia M. Flynn

Section 11 - The susceptible host

83 Evaluation of suspected immunodeficiency
Thomas A. Fleisher and Sergio D. Rosenzweig

84 Infection in the neutropenic patient
Eric Holaday, Aaron Mishkin, and Rafik Samuel

85 Infections in patients with neoplastic disease
Amar Safdar and Donald Armstrong

86 Corticosteroids, cytotoxic agents
Babafemi Taiwo and Hannah Nam

87 Biologics
Rebecca A. Ward, Pritha Sen, and Jatin M. Vyas

88 Infection in transplant patients
Raymund R. Razonable

89 Diabetes and infection
Sylvia J. Shaw and Raza Iqbal

90 Infectious complications in the injection and non-injection drug user
Carlo Contoreggi

91 Infection in the alcoholic
Laurel C. Preheim and Manasa Velagapudi

92 Infection in the elderly
Kent Crossley

93 Neonatal infection
Patrick G. Gallagher and Robert S. Baltimore

94 Pregnancy and the puerperium: Infectious risks
Ra?l E. Ist?riz and Jorge Murillo

95 Dialysis-related infection
Peter Mariuz

96 Asplenia
Larry I. Lutwick

Section 12 - HIV

97 HIV infection: Initial evaluation and monitoring
Aaron E. Glatt, Andr?a Sciberras, and Steven M. Weiss

98 HIV: Antiretroviral therapy
Amy L. Brotherton and Joseph M. Garland

99 Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Suzaan Marais and Graeme Meintjes

100 Opportunistic infections in HIV
Marshall Glesby and Anthony Ogedegbe

101 Prophylaxis of opportunistic infections in HIV disease
Brandi Manning, Robert L. Bettiker, and Jeffrey M. Jacobson

Section 13 - Nosocomial infection

102 Percutaneous injury: Risks and management
David Kuhar and Krista Powell

103 Hospital-acquired fever
Arthur E. Brown and Susan K. Seo

104 Transfusion-related infection
William R. Jarvis and Virginia R. Roth

105 Intravascular catheter-related infection
Johny Fares, Alexandre Malek, and Issam Raad

106 Infections associated with urinary catheters
Lindsay E. Nicolle

Section 14 - Infections related to surgery and trauma

107 Postoperative wound infection
E. Patchen Dellinger

108 Trauma-related infection
Mark A. Malangoni

109 Infected implants
Gordon Dickinson

110 Infection in the burn-injured patient
Roger W. Yurt and Rafael Gerardo Maga?a

Section 15 - Prevention of infection

111 Nonsurgical antimicrobial prophylaxis
Nadine Rouphael and Alexandra Wolcott Dretler

112 Surgical prophylaxis
Sonya Trinh and George Pankey

113 Immunizations
Elaine C. Jong

Section 16 - Travel and recreation

114 Advice for travelers
Henry M. Wu and Jessica K. Fairley

115 Fever in the returning traveler
Alimuddin Zumla

116 Systemic infection from animals
David J. Weber, Jonathan J. Juliano, and William A. Rutala

117 Tick-borne disease
Steven C. Buckingham

118 Recreational water exposure
Mary E. Wilson and Andrea K. Boggild

119 Travelers' diarrhea
Karen J. Vigil and Herbert L. DuPont

Section 17 - Bioterrorism

120 Bioterrorism
Megan Gallagher and Andrew W. Artenstein

Section 18 - Specific organisms: Bacteria

121 Actinomycosis
Thomas A. Russo and Grishma R. Trivedi

122 Anaerobic infections
Itzhak Brook

123 Anthrax
Tirdad T. Zangeneh, Marc Traeger, and Stephen A. Klotz

124 Bartonella bacilliformis
Nuria Sanchez Clemente

125 Cat scratch disease and other Bartonella infections
William A. Schwartzman

126 Bordetella
Emily Souder and Sarah S. Long

127 Branhamella-Moraxella
Lisa S. Hodges and Joseph A. Bocchini, Jr.

128 Brucellosis
Carlo Carrillo and Eduardo Gotuzzo

129 Campylobacter
David W. K. Acheson

130 Clostridium
Derek Forster

131 Corynebacteria
Carlos H. Ram?rez-Ronda and Carlos R. Ram?rez-Ram?rez

132 Enterobacteriaceae
Charles Stratton

133 Enterococcus
Ronald N. Jones and Rodrigo Mendes

134 Erysipelothrix
W. Lee Hand

135 HACEK
Vivian H. Chu

136 Helicobacter pylori
David Y. Graham and Emiko Rimbara

137 Neisseria gonorrhoea
Amy J. Mathers and Michael F. Rein

138 Haemophilus
Amy Spallone and Daniel Musher

139 Legionellosis
Thomas J. Marrie, Shelly McNeil, and Mark Robbins

140 Leprosy
Bahir H. Chamseddin and Travis Vandergriff

141 Meningococcus and miscellaneous neisseriae
Chuen-Yen Lau and Edmund C. Tramont

142 Listeria
Bennett Lorber

143 Nocardia
Lisa Haglund

144 Pasteurella multocida
Andrew S. Webster, Paulina A. Rebolledo, Naasha J. Talati, and David S. Stephens

145 Pneumococcus
Maurice A. Mufson and Nancy B. Norton

146 Pseudomonas, stenotrophomonas, and burkholderia
Titus Daniels

147 Rat-bite fevers
Neil S. Lipman

148 Salmonella
Bruce S. Ribner

149 Staphylococcus
Suzanne F. Bradley

150 Streptococcus groups A, B, C, D, and G
Dennis L. Stevens, J. Anthony Mebane, and Karl Madaras-Kelly

151 Viridans streptococci
John L. Brusch

152 Poststreptococcal immunologic complications
Barbara W. Stechenberg

153 Shigella
Eduardo Rodr?guez-Noriega

154 Tularemia
Kari Neeman and Jessica Snowden

155 Tuberculosis
Jay B. Mehta and Asim K. Dutt

156 Nontuberculous mycobacteria
Timothy Aksamit and David E. Griffith

157 Vibrio
Duc J. Vugia

158 Yersinia
Royce H. Johnson and Arash Heidari

159 Miscellaneous gram-positive organisms
Iqra Choudary, Steven K. Schmitt, and Roberto Baun Corales

160 Miscellaneous gram-negative organisms
Sampath Kumar and Kamaljit Singh

Section 19 - Specific organisms: Spirochetes

161 Syphilis and other treponematoses
Arlene C. Se?a and Adaora A. Adimora

162 Lyme disease
Janine Evans

163 Borreliosis
Sally Cutler

164 Leptospirosis
Daniela Dimarco

Section 20 - Specific organisms: Mycoplasma and Chlamydia

165 Mycoplasma
Ken B. Waites and Sixto Leal

166 Chlamydia pneumonia
Margaret R. Hammerschlag

167 Chlamydia psittaci (psittacosis)
Thomas Marrie

Section 21 - Specific organisms: Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma

168 Rickettsial infections
Noah Wald-Dickler and Paul D. Holtom

169 Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis
Johan S. Bakken and J. Stephen Dumler

Section 22 - Specific organisms: Fungi

170 Candidiasis
Christopher F. Carpenter and Nicholas Gilpin

171 Aspergillus
Stuart M. Levitz and Sanjay Ram

172 Mucormycosis (and entomophthoramycosis)
Scott F. Davies

173 Sporotrichum
Robert A. Greenfield

174 Cryptococcus
William G. Powderly

175 Histoplasmosis
Cole Beeler and Mitchell Goldman

176 Blastomycosis
Todd P. McCarty and Peter G. Pappas

177 Coccidioidomycosis
Trung T. Vu, Jose Cadena, and Gregory M. Anstead

178 Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii)
Shelley A. Gilroy and Nicholas Bennett

179 Miscellaneous (emerging) fungi and algae
Obinna N. Nnedu and George A. Pankey

Section 23 - Specific organisms: Viruses

180 Cytomegalovirus
Rima I. El-Herte and Jeffrey L. Meier

181 Dengue
Nguyen Thanh Hung

182 Enteroviruses
Penelope Dennehy

183 Epstein-Barr virus and other causes of the infectious mononucleosis syndrome
Jeffrey L. Meier

184 Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome
Gregory Mertz

185 Herpes simplex 1 and 2
Richard J. Whitley and Abdulsalam Alsulami

186 Human herpes virus 6, 7, 8
Eleni Magira

187 Influenza
Harvey M. Friedman and Ramin Herati

188 Coronavirus-19
Smitha Gudipati, Gina Maki, Marcus Zervos, and Mayur Ramesh

189 Papillomavirus in oro-genital infection
Lawrence J. Eron

190 Acute and chronic parvovirus infection
Neal S. Young

191 Rabies
Anita Mahadevan, Susarla K. Shankar, and Avindra Nath

192 Varicella-zoster virus
Jeffrey M. Weinberg

193 Viral hemorrhagic fevers
Daniel G. Bausch

Section 24 - Specific organisms: Parasites

194 Intestinal roundworms
Kathryn N. Suh, Anne E. McCarthy, and Jay S. Keystone

195 Tissue nematodes
Ian Michelow and Dan Blatt

196 Schistosomes and other trematodes
James H. Maguire

197 Tapeworms (cestodes)
Zbigniew S. Pawlowski

198 Toxoplasma
Roderick Go and Benjamin J. Luft

199 Malaria
Jessica K. Fairley and Henry M. Wu

200 Babesiosis
Tempe K. Chen, Choukri Ben Mamoun, and Peter J. Krause

201 Trypanosomes and leishmania
Richard Pearson, Selma Jeronimo, and Anastacio de Sousa

202 Intestinal protozoa
M. Paul Kelly

203 Extraintestinal amoebic infection
Rosa Andrade

Section 25 - Antimicrobial therapy: General considerations

204 Principles of antibiotic therapy
John S. Czachor

205 Antibacterial agents
Richard Watkins

206 Principles and practice of antimicrobial stewardship
Cheston B. Cunha

207 Antifungal therapy
Dimitrios Farmakiotis and Ralph Rogers

208 Antiviral therapy
Rajeev Shah and Cheston B. Cunha

209 Probiotics
Varsha Gupta and Ritu Garg

210 Hypersensitivity to antibiotics
Santiago Alvarez-Arango and N. Franklin Adkinson, Jr.

211 Antimicrobial agent tables
Diane Parente and Cheston B. Cunha

Index