Science Curriculum Topic Study : Bridging the

This indispensable staff development resource provides a systematic professional development strategy linking science standards and research to curriculum, instruction, and assessment.

List of Curriculum Topic Study Guides

ix

Foreword

xi

Harold Pratt

Preface

xiii

About the Author

xix

Introduction to Curriculum Topic Study

1

(18)

What Is Curriculum Topic Study (CTS)?

2

(3)

Why Study a Curriculum Topic?

5

(3)

Why Focus on Topics?

8

(2)

The Underlying Knowledge and Research Base

10

(8)

National, State, and Local Standards

10

(2)

Cognitive Research

12

(1)

Changes in Professional Development

13

(1)

Reading Research

14

(1)

Science Teachers and Teaching

14

(1)

Content Knowledge

15

(1)

Pedagogical Content Knowledge

16

(1)

Beliefs About Teaching and Learning

17

(1)

Having a Professional Knowledge Base

17

(1)

The Teacher Professional Continuum

18

(1)

Examining the Components of a Curriculum Topic Study Guide

19

(10)

The CTS Study Guide

19

(3)

Sections and Outcomes

19

(2)

Selected Readings

21

(1)

CTS Supplementary Material

21

(1)

Common Resources for Study and Reflection

22

(7)

Building a Professional Collection: Experts at Your Fingertips!

22

(2)

Descriptions of the Common Resources Used in CTS

24

(1)

Science for All Americans

24

(1)

Science Matters: Achieving Scientific Literacy

25

(1)

Benchmarks for Science Literarcy

25

(1)

The National Science Education Standards

25

(1)

Making Sense of Secondary Science: Research Into Children's Ideas

26

(1)

Atlas of Science Literacy

26

(1)

State Standards or District Curriculum Guides

27

(2)

Engaging in Curriculum Topic Study

29

(24)

Getting Started

29

(4)

Gathering Your Resources

29

(2)

Becoming Familiar With the CTS Guides and Resources

31

(1)

Defining Your Purpose and Choosing Your Outcomes

31

(2)

Processing Information From CTS Sections

33

(3)

Activation and Processing Strategies

34

(1)

Reading the CTS Sections

35

(1)

Guiding Questions for Individual Sections of a CTS Guide

36

(1)

The CTS Learning Cycle of Inquiry, Study, and Reflection

36

(11)

Engagement

40

(1)

Elicitation

41

(1)

Exploration

42

(1)

Development

43

(1)

Synthesis

43

(3)

Application

46

(1)

Study Reflection and Self-Assessment

46

(1)

CTS Evaluation

47

(2)

Individual and Group Use of CTS

49

(4)

Individual Use of CTS

50

(1)

Group Use of CTS

51

(2)

Utilizing Curriculum Topic Study for Different Contexts

53

(38)

CTS and Science Content Knowledge

55

(6)

Using a CTS Guide to Identify the Content Knowledge Needed to Teach a Topic

55

(2)

Using CTS to Examine the Hierarchal Structure of Content Knowledge in a Topic

57

(4)

CTS and Curriculum

61

(13)

Curriculum Coherence and Articulation

63

(2)

Curriculum Selection

65

(4)

Supporting Curriculum Implementation

69

(5)

CTS and Instruction

74

(5)

Reviewing and Modifying Lessons

76

(1)

Developing a Standards-and Research-Based Lesson

76

(1)

CTS and Inquiry-Based Instruction

77

(2)

CTS and Assessment

79

(7)

Designing Assessment Probes

80

(3)

Developing Culminating Performances

83

(3)

CTS and Preservice and Novice Teacher Support

86

(1)

CTS and Leadership Development

87

(1)

CTS and Professional Development

88

(3)

Embedding CTS in a Variety of Professional Development Strategies

88

(1)

Study Groups

88

(1)

Case Discussions

89

(1)

Curriculum Selection and Implementation

89

(1)

Workshops

89

(1)

Examining Student Work and Thinking

90

(1)

Lesson Study

90

(1)

Mentoring, Coaching, and Demonstration Lessons

90

(1)

Images From Practice

91

(22)

Vignette #1: A High School Integrated Science Teacher Uses CTS to Understand Gravity-Related Content

91

(1)

Vignette #2: An Experienced Middle School Teacher Uses CTS to Revise a Unit on Biological Classification

92

(4)

Vignette #3: A Team of Primary Teachers Uses CTS to Identify Goals for Learning About Life Cycles

96

(2)

Vignette #4: A Middle School Teacher Uses CTS to Understand a Difficult Concept to Teach: Density

98

(2)

Vignette #5: A Teacher Leader Uses CTS to Help Guide Fifth-Grade Teachers' Implementation of the Ecology Content Standards

100

(3)

Vignette #6: A Fourth-Grade District Team Uses CTS to Examine Alignment of Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment

103

(1)

Vignette #7: A High School Physics Teacher Uses CTS to Design Energy Lessons Based on Research on Learning

104

(2)

Vignette #8: An Elementary Teacher Uses CTS to Improve Opportunities to Learn for Her Disadvantaged Students

106

(2)

Vignette #9: Professional Developers Use CTS to Redesign their Inquiry-Based Workshops

108

(2)

Vignette #10: A Globe Curriculum Developer Uses CTS to Develop Instructional Materials

110

(3)

The Curriculum Topic Study Guides

113

(160)

Organization of the CTS Guides

113

(1)

Descriptions of the CTS Categories

114

(159)

Diversity of Life

114

(8)

Ecology

122

(12)

Biological Structure and Function

134

(12)

Life's Continuity and Change

146

(11)

Matter

157

(17)

Earth

174

(19)

Astronomy

193

(11)

Energy, Force, and Motion

204

(24)

Inquiry and the Nature of Science and Technology

228

(27)

Implications of Science and Technology

255

(12)

Unifying Themes

267

(6)

Resource A: Additional Resources to Support Curriculum Topic Study

273

(4)

Resource B: Worksheets for Curriculum Topic Study

277

(6)

References

283

(4)

Index

287

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Science Curriculum Topic Study : Bridging the Gap Between Standards and Practice

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials