An introduction to the standard material of ethics.
Preface
xv
Morality and Moral Philosophy
1
(11)
An Example of Ethical Thinking (Socrates)
2
(2)
The Nature of Ethics or Moral Philosophy
4
(1)
The Nature of Morality
5
(4)
Factors in Morality
9
(1)
Kinds of Normative Judgment
9
(2)
Program for Rest of Book
11
(1)
Egoistic and Deontological Theories
12
(22)
The Primary Question
12
(1)
Importance of Factual Knowledge and Conceptual Clarity
13
(1)
Prevailing Rules as a Standard
13
(1)
Teleological Theories
14
(2)
Deontological Theories
16
(1)
Ethical Egoism
17
(3)
Psychological Egoism
20
(3)
Act-deontological Theories
23
(2)
Rule-deontological Theories
25
(3)
The Divine Command Theory
28
(2)
Kant's Theory
30
(4)
Utilitarianism, Justice, and Love
34
(27)
Utilitarianism
34
(1)
Act-utilitarianism
35
(2)
General Utilitarianism
37
(2)
Rule-utilitarianism
39
(4)
My Proposed Theory of Obligation
43
(2)
The Principle of Beneficence
45
(3)
The Principle of Justice: Equality
48
(4)
Summary of My Theory of Obligation
52
(1)
The Problem of Conflict
52
(1)
A Problem of Application
53
(1)
Duties to Self
54
(1)
Are Any Rules Absolute?
55
(1)
The Ethics of Love
56
(3)
Further Problems
59
(2)
Moral Value and Responsibility
61
(18)
Moral and Nonmoral Senses of ``Good,''
62
(1)
Morality and Cultivation of Traits
62
(1)
Ethics of Virtue
63
(2)
On Being and Doing: Morality of Traits vs. Morality of Principles
65
(2)
Moral Ideals
67
(1)
Dispositions to Be Cultivated
68
(2)
Two Questions
70
(1)
Moral Responsibility
71
(2)
Free Will and Responsibility
73
(6)
Intrinsic Value and the Good Life
79
(16)
Preliminary Remarks
79
(1)
``Good'' and Its Senses
80
(3)
Theories about What Is Good as an End: Hedonism and Non-hedonism
83
(2)
The First Line of Debate
85
(2)
The Second Line of Debate
87
(2)
Some Conclusions
89
(3)
The Good Life
92
(3)
Meaning and Justification
95
(22)
Meta-ethics and Its Questions
95
(1)
Theories of Justification
96
(1)
Definist Theories, Naturalistic and Metaphysical
97
(5)
Intuitionism
102
(3)
Noncognitive or Nondescriptivist Theories
105
(2)
Approach to an Adequate Theory
107
(2)
Relativism
109
(1)
A Theory of Justification
110
(3)
The Moral Point of View
113
(1)
Why Be Moral?
114
(3)
For Future Reading
117
(4)
Index
121
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