The Acquisition of Intensifiers

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ISBN: 9783110185911 | 3110185911
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 3/21/2006

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How do young children negotiate and comment on their participation in a given event? The study presented gives an insight into German and English children's use of intensifiers and related expressions at early stages of language development. The longitudinal production data of six German-speaking and six English-speaking children is examined with regard to when and in which contexts the intensifiers German selbst/selber and English x-self (myself, yourself, himself, etc.) appear. It is demonstrated that by integrating intensifiers into their utterances, children develop an important linguistic skill in the process of establishing themselves as increasingly independent and competent agents.

Intensifiers and agent-sensitive expressions

(53)

The aim of the study

(3)

Intensifiers from a cross-linguistic perspective

(11)

Morphosyntactic properties

(2)

Use types and contexts of occurrence

(1)

Adnominal intensifiers

(1)

Adverbial exclusive intensifiers

(2)

Age effect

(1)

Implied competence

(1)

Adverbial inclusive intensifiers

(2)

Summary

(1)

Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns

(7)

Formal identity versus formal distinctness

(2)

Non-referential use of reflexives

(2)

Reflexives in subject position

(1)

Summary

(1)

Agent-sensitive expressions

(31)

Basic notions

(1)

Selbst/allein versus von selbst/von allein

(1)

Causative relations

(2)

Compositionality of the AGENT proto-role

(1)

Von selbst/von allein and volition

(2)

Causativity and volition

(3)

Von selbst/von allein with inanimate referents

(2)

Summary

(1)

Inner structure and overview of syntax

(6)

Selbst/selber and x-self

(4)

Allein, by x-self and on one's own

(5)

Von selbst/von allein, by itself and on its own

(1)

Von sich aus, aus eigenem Antrieb/Willen and of one's own accord

(1)

Framework for child language data analysis

(1)

The expression x-self in acquisition studies

(40)

Reflexive x-self and binding theory

(20)

Binding condition A and the acquisition of the adnominal intensifier

(3)

Children's knowledge of principle B

(1)

Pragmatic principle P

(3)

Sentence-level and discourse-level anaphora

(4)

Lexical failure

(3)

The subset principle

(2)

Summary

(2)

Logophoric reflexives

(7)

Logophoric reflexives and intensifiers

(3)

The acquisition of logophoric reflexives

(3)

Children's early systems and historical development of x-self

(3)

The expression x-self in production data

(3)

Research questions

(6)

The emergence of intensifiers and related agent-sensitive expressions

(1)

Intensifiers versus reflexive pronouns

(1)

Intensifiers in German and English production data

(167)

The data and coding procedure

(6)

The data

(3)

Coding procedure

(3)

Three use-types of intensifiers in the data of the children

100

(12)

Proportions of adnominal, adverbial exclusive and adverbial inclusive intensifiers

101

(2)

Inclusive intensifiers and additive focus particles auch and too

103

(1)

Inclusive intensifiers in contexts of independent agency

104

(1)

Kerstin's use of adverbial inclusive selbst/selber

105

(5)

Adam's use of adverbial inclusive x-self

110

(2)

Summary

112

(1)

Intensifiers versus related agent-sensitive expressions

112

(11)

The German children

114

(1)

Caroline: selbst/selber and allein

115

(2)

Kerstin: selbst/selber and allein

117

(1)

Simone: selbst/selber and allein

118

(1)

Julia, Daniel and Mathias: allein

118

(1)

Summary

119

(1)

The English children

119

(1)

Ross, Nina and Shem: x-self and by x-self

120

(1)

Adam, Abe and Sarah: x-self and by x-self

121

(1)

Summary

122

(1)

The development of non-nominative means of encoding agency

123

(102)

Quantitative considerations

123

(2)

The German children's use of allein: Caroline

125

(1)

Caroline's use of allein: 0;10-1;9

126

(2)

Caroline's use of allein: 1;10-2;0

128

(3)

Caroline's use of allein: 2,1-2;3

131

(2)

Caroline's use of allein: 2,4-2;6

133

(3)

Caroline's use of allein: 2;7-2;9

136

(1)

Summary

137

(1)

Kerstin's use of allein

138

(1)

Kerstin's use of allein: 2;7-2;9

138

(2)

Kerstin's use of allein: 2;10-3;3

140

(1)

The category `other' and Kerstin's use of allein: 3;4-3;6

141

(1)

Summary

142

(1)

Simone's use of allein

142

(1)

Simone's use of allein: 1;9-2;0

143

(3)

Simone's use of allein: 2,1-2;3

146

(5)

Simone's use of allein: 2;4-2;6

151

(2)

Simone's use of allein: 2;7-3;0

153

(2)

Simone's use of allein: 3;1-3;6

155

(3)

Simone's use of allein: 3;7-4;0

158

(1)

Summary

159

(1)

Julia's, Daniel's and Mathias' use of allein

160

(2)

The German children's use of selbst/selber: Caroline

162

(1)

Caroline's use of selbst/selber: 2;1-2;3

162

(1)

Caroline's use of selbst/selber: 2;4-2;6

163

(8)

Caroline's use of selbst/selber: 2;7-2;9

171

(2)

Summary

173

(1)

Kerstin's use of selbst/selber

174

(2)

Simone's use of selbst/selber

176

(1)

Simone's use of selbst/selber: 1;10-2;0

176

(1)

Simone's use of selbst/selber: 2;7-2;9

177

(1)

Simone's use of selbst/selber: 2;10-3;0

178

(2)

Simone's use of selbst/selber: 3,1-3;3

180

(1)

Simone's use of selbst/selber: 3;4-3;9

181

(1)

Summary

182

(1)

The English children's use of by x-self: Ross

183

(1)

Ross's use of by x-self: 2;6-2;9

184

(1)

Ross's use of by x-self: 2,10-3,0

184

(2)

Ross's use of by x-self: 3;1-3;9

186

(1)

Ross's use of by x-self: 4;1-4;3

187

(1)

Summary

188

(1)

Nina's use of by x-self

188

(1)

Nina's use of by x-self: 2;4-2;9

189

(1)

Nina's use of by x-self: 2;10-3;0

190

(2)

Nina's use of by x-self: 3,1-3;3

192

(1)

Summary

192

(1)

Shem's use of by x-self

193

(1)

Shem's use of by x-self: 2;4-2;6

193

(1)

Shem's use of by x-self: 2;7-2;9

194

(1)

Shem's use of by x-self: 2;10-3;0

195

(1)

Shem's use of by x-self: 3;1-3;3

196

(1)

Summary

196

(1)

Adam's use of by x-self

197

(1)

Adam's use of by x-self: 2;1-3;0

197

(1)

Adam's use of by x-self: 3;1-4;0

198

(3)

Adam's use of by x-self: 4,1-4;6

201

(1)

Summary

202

(1)

Abe's use of by x-self

202

(1)

Abe's use of by x-self: 2;7-2;9

203

(1)

Abe's use of by x-self: 2;10-3;0

204

(1)

Abe's use of by x-self: 3;1-3;3

205

(1)

Abe's use of by x-self: 3;4-5;0

206

(1)

Summary

207

(1)

Sarah's use of by x-self

208

(1)

The English children's use of x-self: Ross

209

(2)

Nina's use of x-self

211

(1)

Shem's use of x-self

212

(2)

Adam's use of x-self

214

(1)

Adam's use of x-self: 2,1-4;0

214

(1)

Adam's use of x-self: 4,1-4;3

215

(1)

Adam's use of x-self: 4;4-4;6

216

(2)

Adam's use of x-self: 4;7-4;9

218

(1)

Adam's use of x-self: 4;10-5;0

218

(1)

Summary

219

(1)

Abe's use of x-self

219

(3)

Sarah's use of x-self

222

(3)

The German and English children's systems of agent-sensitive expressions

225

(11)

The German children

225

(1)

Allein

226

(1)

Selbst/selber

227

(1)

Summary

228

(1)

The English children

229

(1)

By x-self

230

(1)

X-self

230

(1)

Summary

231

(1)

Similarities and differences

232

(1)

Allein and by x-self

233

(1)

Selbst/selber versus x-self

234

(1)

Rejections

235

(1)

Summary

236

(1)

Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns

236

(19)

The order of emergence of intensifiers and reflexive pronouns

238

(1)

Shem

239

(1)

Ross

240

(1)

Nina

241

(1)

Adam

242

(2)

Abe

244

(1)

Sarah

244

(1)

Summary

245

(4)

The expression x-self in subject position

249

(6)

Implications for future research

255

(6)

Notes

261

(4)

References

265

(10)

Index

275

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The Acquisition of Intensifiers

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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