Methods Of Structural Safety

This advanced engineering text describes methods developed to deal with stochastic aspects of structural behavior, providing a framework for evaluating, comparing, and combining stochastic effects. Topics include second-moment reliability index methods; first-order reliability methods for computation of failure probabilities; identification of design parameters most affecting reliability; and more. 1986 edition.

Preface

vii

Introduction

1

(17)

Historical Background

1

(6)

The Problem of Structural Safety

7

(5)

Structural Design

12

(2)

Summary

14

(4)

References

14

(4)

Reliability Methods

18

(15)

Research Models and Technical Models

18

(1)

Definition and Idealization of the Structural System

19

(1)

Error Classification

20

(2)

Idealization of Loads and Influences

22

(2)

Human Error

24

(4)

Model Uncertainty

28

(1)

Levels of Reliability Methods

29

(2)

Summary

31

(2)

References

31

(2)

Multiple Safety Factor Format

33

(11)

Origin and Purpose

33

(2)

Multiple-Factor Formats

35

(3)

Characteristic Values

38

(3)

Calibration

41

(1)

Summary

42

(2)

References

42

(2)

Second-Moment Reliability Index

44

Introduction

44

(1)

The Cornell Reliability Index

45

(2)

First-Order Second-Moment Reliability Index

47

(3)

The Hasofer and Lind Reliability Index

50

(6)

Determination of the Design Point

52

(4)

The Generalized Reliability Index

56

(12)

Convex Polyhedral Safe Set

60

(5)

Quadratic Safe Set

65

(3)

Summary

68

References

69

Level III Reliability Methods and System Reliability

17

(109)

Calculation of Failure Probabilities

71

(23)

The Principle of Normal Tail Approximation

94

(7)

Classification of Systems: Structure Functions

101

(6)

Reliability of Series Systems

107

(9)

Reliability of Nonseries Systems

116

(4)

Sensitivity Measures

120

(3)

Summary

123

(3)

References

124

(2)

Calibration

126

(21)

The Process of Calibration

126

(7)

Estimation of Distribution Parameters

133

(2)

Selection of Characteristic Strength Level

135

(4)

Control of Characteristic Strength

139

(6)

Control by Attributes

141

(1)

Control by Variables

141

(3)

The Power Limit

144

(1)

Summary

145

(2)

References

145

(2)

Extreme-Value Distributions and Stochastic Processes

147

(48)

Two Distribution-Free Results

147

(3)

Order Statistics

147

(1)

Quantile Predictions

148

(2)

Extreme-Value Distributions

150

(4)

Discrete Processes

154

(12)

The Simple Poisson Process

154

(2)

Waiting Time and InterarrivalTime

156

(1)

Filtered Poisson Processes

157

(5)

Two Distributions of Extremes

162

(2)

Renewal Processes

164

(2)

The Normal Process

166

(25)

The Multidimensional Normal Distribution

166

(2)

The Crossing Problem

168

(3)

Distribution of Local Extremes

171

(4)

Narrow-Band Processes and Envelopes

175

(6)

The First-Passage Problem

181

(10)

Summary

191

(4)

References

192

(3)

Stochastic Response of Structures

195

(44)

Stationary Response

195

(11)

Single-Degree-of-Freedom Structure

195

(3)

Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Structure

198

(2)

Rational Power Spectra

200

(6)

Nonstationary Response

206

(8)

Transient Response

207

(2)

Modulated Excitation

209

(5)

White Noise Approximation

214

(7)

Ideal White Noise

214

(4)

Approximation of Wide-Band Excitation

218

(3)

Nonlinear Effects

221

(15)

Equivalent Linearization

222

(4)

Hermite Polynomial Expansion

226

(3)

Markov Vector Methods

229

(7)

Summary

236

(3)

References

237

(2)

Stochastic Models for Material Strength

239

(57)

Classical Strength Models

239

(13)

Ideal Brittle Material

240

(4)

Ideal Plastic Material

244

(3)

Fiber Bundle

247

(5)

Fatigue

252

(17)

Damage Accumulation Laws

252

(4)

Cycle Counting

256

(5)

Damage Statistics

261

(8)

Stochastic Modeling of Fatigue Crack Growth

269

(15)

Probabilistic Crack Growth Equations

272

(4)

Reliability Analysis for Fatigue Crack Growth

276

(4)

Updating Through Inspection

280

(4)

Bogdanoff's Cumulative Damage Model

284

(7)

Summary

291

(5)

References

292

(4)

STOCHASTIC MODELS FOR LOADS

296

(82)

Gust Wind Loads

296

(12)

Response Analysis

296

(3)

The Turbulent Wind

299

(4)

Slender Structures

303

(5)

Wave Loads

308

(22)

Wave Spectra

309

(4)

Gravity Waves

313

(3)

The Morison Wave Force

316

(9)

Wave Forces on Structures

325

(5)

Earthquake Loads

330

(7)

The Kanai-Tajimi Spectrum and Markov Properties

331

(3)

Hysteretic Response

334

(3)

Traffic Load Modeling

337

(8)

Load Model

337

(1)

Mean Value and Covariance Function

338

(6)

Linear Load Effects

344

(1)

Live-Load Modeling

345

(12)

Spatial Load Field Modeling

346

(8)

Maximum Live Load

354

(3)

Theory of Stochastic Load Combination

357

(13)

Bounds on the Extreme-Value Distribution

357

(5)

Linear Load Combinations

362

(4)

Load Combinations in Codified Structural Design

366

(4)

Summary

370

(8)

References

371

(7)

Bibliography

378

(17)

Index

395

(9)

Errata

404

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