Computer Numerical Control Concepts & Programming

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ISBN: 9780766822900 | 0766822907
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 8/1/2001

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Now in a newly updated and expanded fourth edition, our most popular CNC programming book continues to provide readers with an excellent foundation in programming codes and syntax. Programs represented in the book are not as complex as those found in Industry. However, they have been deliberately engineered to provide readers with demonstrations of basic concepts of CNC programming that they can learn from and apply to a variety of industrial situations. Comprehensive in scope, the book features detailed discussion of two-axis and three-axis programming, basic trigonometry, and advanced CNC concepts such as mirror imagery, polar rotation, and helical interpolation. A comprehensive glossary is also included for the benefit of readers who may be new to the CNC programming world.

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 An Introduction to Numerical Control Machinery
The History of NC
CNC Machines
Input Media
Binary Numbers
Tape Formats
Objectives of Numerical Control
Applications in Industry
Chapter 2 Numerical Control Systems
Components
Types of Control Systems
Servomechanisms
Loop Systems
The Cartesian Coordinate System
Positive and Negative Movement
Positioning Systems
Setting the Machine Origin
Dimensioning
Chapter 3 Process Planning and Tool Selection
Process Planning
Tooling for Numerical Control
Tooling for Hole Operations
Milling Cutters
Special Inserted Cutters
A Processing Example
Speeds and Feeds
Chapter 4 Tool Changing and Tool Registers
Tool Changes
Automatic Tool Changers
Tool Storage
Tool Length and Tool Length Offset
Chapter 5 Programming Coordinates
Hole Operations
Milling Operations
Mixing Absolute and Incremental Positioning
Metric Coordinates
Chapter 6 Two-Axis Programming
Introduction
Parts of a CNC Program
Word Address Format
Drilling Example-Absolute Positioning
Drilling Example-Incremental Positioning
Milling Example 1. Milling Example 2
Milling and Drilling Example
Chapter 7 Three-Axis Programming
Introduction
A Programming Task Using Three Axes
Other G-Codes Used in CNC Programming
Using and Indexer
Programming Example
Chapter 8 Math for Numerical Control Programming
Basic Trigonometry
Using Trigonometry for Cutter Offsets
A Milling Example
A Lathe Example
Chapter 9 Linear and Circular Interpolation
Linear Interpolation
Circular Interpolation
A Comprehensive Example
Chapter 10 Cutter Diameter Compensation
Definitions and Codes
Program Example
Special Considerations
Fine Tuning with Cutter Diameter Compensation
Chapter 11 Do Loops and Subprograms
Do Loops
Subprograms
Calling a Subprogram
Subroutines for Cutter Diameter Compensation
Nested Loops
Chapter 12 Advanced CNC Features
Mirror Imaging
Polar Rotation
Helical Interpolation
Chapter 13 The Numerical Control Lathe
Lathe Bed Design
Axis Movement
Toolholders and Tool Changing
Spindle Speeds
Feedrates
Machine Origin and Work Coordinate Systems
Quicksetters
Chapter 14 Programming CNC Turning Machines
Machine Reference Point
Diameter vs
Radius Programming
Turning and Facing
Taper Turning
Circular Interpolation
Drilling
Threading
A Complete Lathe Example
Canned Cycles
Chapter 15 Use of Computers in Numerical Control Programming
Offline Programming Terminals
Computer-Assisted Programming
Computer-Aided Programming Languages
Computer Graphics Programming
Chapter 16 The Future of Numerical Controls
NC in Prototype and Job Shops
CNC in Manufacturing
Employment Opportunities in NC
Appendix 1 EIA Codes
Preparatory Functions
Miscellaneous Functions
Other Addresses
Appendix 2 Word Address Codes Used in Text Example
Preparatory Functions (G Codes) Used in Milling
Miscellaneous (M) Functions Used in Milling and Turning
Preparatory Functions (G Codes) Used in Turning
Appendix 3 Codes in Common Use with Tape Machinery
Preparatory Functions (g Codes)
Miscellaneous (m) Functions
Appendix 4 Safety Rules for Numerical Control
Safety Rules for Operating Machines
Safety Rule for Programmers
Appendix 5 Useful Machining Formulas and Data
Machining Formulas
Cutting Speed Data
Feedrate Data
Appendix 6 Lathe Canned Cycle Example
Tooling Used
Sequence of Operations
Program Notes
Canned Cycle Notes
Appendix 7 Sample Programs
Sample Part Program
Sample Milling Program
Sample Lathe Program
Glossary
Related SME Titles
Index

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Computer Numerical Control Concepts & Programming

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