The Secret World of American Communism

The hidden world of American communism can now be examined with the help of documents from the recently opened archives of the former Soviet Union. Interweaving narrative and documents, the authors of this book present a convincing new picture of the Communist Part of the the United States of America (CPUSA), providing proof that it was involved in espionage and other subversive activitives. 16 illustrations.

List of Documents Reproduced in Facsimile

xi

Preface

xiii

Acknowledgments

xvii

A Note on the Documents

xxi

Glossary of Individuals and Organizations

xxiii

Chronology of American Communism

xxxi

Background

3

(17)

A Brief History of the American Communist Party

4

(10)

The Clandestine Activities of the CPUSA

14

(1)

The Question of Joseph McCarthy

15

(2)

The Historiographic Debate

17

(3)

Clandestine Habits: The 1920s and the Early 1930s

20

(51)

The Comintern and Covert Operations

20

(22)

John Reed and Clandestine Funding of American Communism

21

(5)

Julius and Armand Hammer

26

(5)

Other Secret Communications

31

(11)

The Pan-Pacific Trade Union Secretariat

42

(29)

Earl Browder and Undercover Operations in Asia

42

(7)

Harrison George and the Secret Work of the PPTUS

49

(11)

Agnes Smedley, Comintern Agent

60

(11)

The Secret Apparatus of the CPUSA: The Early Years

71

(48)

The CPUSA Establishes Its Secret Apparatus

71

(25)

J. Peters and the Secret Apparatus, 1932-1938

73

(10)

Rudy Baker Replaces J. Peters

83

(13)

The Washington Communist Underground, 1933-1943

96

(23)

The Ware Group and the La Follette Committee

96

(10)

Peters and the Washington Informant Group, 1943

106

(4)

Copying Confidential State Department Letters, 1936

110

(9)

The Secret Apparatus Branches Out

119

(69)

The Secret Apparatus under Rudy Baker, 1938-1940

119

(5)

Fighting Ideological Deviationists and Other Enemies

124

(27)

Weeding Out Internal Enemies

125

(3)

Stealing the Files of Party Enemies

128

(4)

Enforcing Ideological Conformity

132

(15)

Max, the Agent Who Wouldn't Go Home, 1939-1942

147

(4)

Fighting Deviationists and Bad Elements in the Spanish Civil War

151

(37)

The Surveillance of Bertram Wolfe, 1937

153

(2)

The Death of Albert Wallach, 1938

155

(28)

``Suspicious Individuals and Deserters'' in the Abraham Lincoln Battalion

183

(5)

Other Faces of the Secret World

188

(17)

Ann Cadwallader Coles, a Southern Artist in the Secret World

188

(7)

American Communists and Soviet Radio Propaganda, 1937-1942

195

(7)

Williana Burroughs, New York Teacher and Soviet Radio Propagandist

199

(3)

American Students in the International Lenin School

202

(3)

American Communists in Red Army Uniforms, 1936

203

(2)

The American Communist Party, the Secret Apparatus, and the NKVD

205

(54)

The Brother-Son Network in World War II

205

(27)

The Brother-Son Network and Soviet Atomic Espionage

216

(1)

Morris Cohen, Atomic Spy

217

(9)

Recruiting Japanese Cadre for the Comintern

226

(6)

Earl Browder and the NKVD

232

(27)

Earl Browder as an NKVD Talent Spotter, 1940

233

(5)

Margaret Browder, NKVD Agent, 1938

238

(5)

Irene Browder, Commissar with ``Emergency Powers,''

243

(6)

Earl Browder's ``Back Channel'' to the White House

249

(10)

The American Communist Underground Fights World War II

259

(33)

The CPUSA, the OSS, and Soviet Intelligence

259

(27)

Recruiting Veterans of the International Brigades for the OSS, 1941-1945

259

(7)

Eugene Dennis, William Donovan, and the Infiltration of the OSS and OWI

266

(20)

Reporting on the American Embassy in Moscow, 1942-1943

286

(6)

Soviet Intelligence and American Communists, 1942-1945

292

(30)

NKVD and GRU Inquiries about Americans

294

(15)

Judith Coplon, Soviet Spy

294

(2)

Albert Feierabend, Soviet Agent

296

(3)

Edmund Stevens, Pulitzer Prize-Winning Reporter

299

(4)

Veterans of the International Brigades

303

(4)

OSS and State Department Employees

307

(2)

Elizabeth Bentley and the Perlo Group

309

(8)

The Credibility of Whittaker Chambers

317

(5)

Conclusion

322

(7)

Appendix A The Archival Record

329

(5)

Appendix B Organization of the American Communist Party

334

(3)

Selected Readings

337

(4)

Index

341

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The Secret World of American Communism

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Table of Contents

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