Security Aspects of Uni- and Multimodal Hazmat Transportation Systems
, by Reniers, Genserik L. L.; Zamparini, Luca- ISBN: 9783527329908 | 3527329900
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 4/16/2012
Preface | p. XV |
List of Contributors | p. XVII |
Introductory Section | p. 1 |
Editorial Introduction | p. 3 |
History, Importance, and Economic Aspects of Hazmat Transportation | p. 5 |
Security of Hazmat Transportation: Unimodal Perspectives | p. 6 |
Security of Hazmat Transportation: Multimodal Perspectives | p. 7 |
Security of Hazmat Transportation: International Policies and Practices | p. 8 |
Bibliography | p. 8 |
History and Importance of Hazmat Transportation | p. 9 |
Introduction | p. 9 |
History of Hazrnat-Transportation Research | p. 11 |
Importance of Research on Hazmat Transportation and Associated Risks | p. 12 |
Conclusions | p. 14 |
Bibliography | p. 14 |
Economic Issues in Hazmat Transportation | p. 17 |
Introduction | p. 17 |
Hazmat Transportation in the United States and in the European Union | p. 17 |
Models of Hazmat Transport | p. 22 |
Risk Assessment in Hazmat Transport | p. 22 |
Routing/Scheduling and Hazmat Transport | p. 23 |
Allocation Problem in Hazmat Transport | p. 24 |
Concluding Remarks | p. 24 |
Bibliography | p. 24 |
Security of Hazmat Transports: Unimodal Perspectives | p. 27 |
Security of Hazmat Transports by Road | p. 29 |
Introduction | p. 29 |
Hazmat Truck Types | p. 30 |
Security-Sensitive Materials | p. 33 |
Carrier Responsibility | p. 33 |
General Security Issues | p. 34 |
Risk Assessment | p. 35 |
Attack Profiles | p. 35 |
Planning an Attack | p. 36 |
Training | p. 36 |
Personnel Security | p. 37 |
Unauthorized Access | p. 38 |
En Route Security | p. 40 |
Driver Responsibilities | p. 42 |
Technology Solutions | p. 42 |
Motor-Carrier Enforcement | p. 45 |
Shipper and Consignee Responsibility | p. 45 |
Motor-Carrier Enforcement | p. 45 |
Law Enforcement and Emergency Response | p. 46 |
Community Vigilance | p. 46 |
Security-Related Events | p. 47 |
Conclusions | p. 47 |
Bibliography | p. 48 |
Security Aspects of Hazmat Transport Using Railroad | p. 49 |
Introduction | p. 49 |
Railroad Transportation System | p. 51 |
Risk Assessment | p. 53 |
Probability of Attack | p. 55 |
Consequence | p. 56 |
Probability of Targeting Hazmat Railcars | p. 57 |
Hazmat Volume | p. 57 |
Route Risk | p. 59 |
Risk Management | p. 60 |
Steps Taken | p. 60 |
Information Sharing and Coordination | p. 60 |
Policing and Surveillance | p. 61 |
Routing of Hazmat | p. 61 |
Further Measures | p. 61 |
Interdiction Models | p. 61 |
Tank-Car Design | p. 62 |
Shipment Routing | p. 63 |
Conclusion | p. 66 |
Acknowledgment | p. 67 |
Bibliography | p. 67 |
Security of Hazmat Transports by Inland Waterways | p. 71 |
Introduction | p. 71 |
Transport of Hazardous Materials by Inland Waterways-Current Legislation | p. 72 |
Incidents on Inland Waterways | p. 73 |
Security of Inland Waterways and Ports-Current Practices | p. 74 |
Proposals for Security Improvements on Inland Waterways | p. 77 |
Proposals for Improvements of Inland Ports' Security | p. 85 |
Conclusion | p. 87 |
Bibliography | p. 88 |
Consulted Web Sites | p. 89 |
Security of Hazmat Transports by Pipeline | p. 91 |
Introduction | p. 91 |
Hazmat Pipeline Infrastructure Around the World | p. 91 |
Security Risks to Hazmat Pipelines | p. 93 |
Commodity Theft from Pipelines | p. 94 |
Global Terrorist Attacks on Pipelines | p. 94 |
Costs and Impacts of Pipeline Security Incidents | p. 97 |
Responding to Pipeline Security Threats | p. 98 |
US Pipeline Security after September 11, 2001 | p. 99 |
Pipeline Operator Security Programs | p. 99 |
Security Initiatives of the U.S. Department of Transportation | p. 101 |
Transportation Security Administration and Pipeline Security | p. 102 |
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission | p. 106 |
Policy Issues in Hazmat Pipeline Security | p. 107 |
Security Threat Information | p. 108 |
Identifying Critical Pipeline Facilities | p. 108 |
International Cooperation in Pipeline Security | p. 109 |
Conclusions | p. 109 |
Bibliography | p. 110 |
Security of Hazmat Transports: Multimodal Perspectives | p. 115 |
Mulitmodal Transport: Historical Evolution and Logistics Framework | p. 117 |
Introduction | p. 117 |
Evolution of Multimodal Transport in the European Union, in the United States and in Asia | p. 118 |
Multimodal Transport in the European Union | p. 118 |
Multimodal Transport in the United States | p. 120 |
Multimodal Transport in the ASEAN Countries | p. 122 |
Problem Statement | p. 123 |
The Standard Framework | p. 123 |
Reconsidering the Case | p. 128 |
Conclusions | p. 132 |
Bibliography | p. 132 |
Multimodal Analysis Framework for Hazmat Transports and Security | p. 135 |
Introduction | p. 135 |
Literature Review | p. 136 |
Unintentional Incidents | p. 136 |
Intentional Incidents | p. 138 |
Refined Approach for the Calculation of Multimodal Hazmat-Transport Risk | p. 139 |
Preliminary | p. 139 |
Step 1: Determination of the Segmentation and Estimation of the Impact Distances | p. 140 |
Step 2: Estimation of the General Probability of Occurrence of a Catastrophic Incident | p. 142 |
Step 3: Estimation of the Local Probability of Occurrence | p. 142 |
Practical Application and Visualization | p. 144 |
Interpretation of the Results | p. 145 |
Intended Incidents with Hazmat Transport | p. 147 |
How to Include Security in the Modal Choice | p. 149 |
Case Study | p. 149 |
Promethee | p. 150 |
The Alternatives | p. 151 |
The Weights: Valuation of the Critical Factors Influencing the Choice of Transportation | p. 152 |
Multicriteria Analysis | p. 156 |
Conclusion | p. 158 |
Acknowledgments | p. 159 |
Bibliography | p. 159 |
Metaheuristics for the Multimodal Optimization of Hazmat Transports | p. 163 |
Introduction | p. 163 |
Metaheuristics | p. 165 |
Characteristics of Multimodal Hazmat Transportation Optimization Problems and the Case for Using Metaheuristics | p. 167 |
Multilevelness | p. 168 |
Multiobjectivity | p. 169 |
Metaheuristics for Multimodal Hazmat Transportation | p. 172 |
Metaheuristics for Multimodal Transportation | p. 172 |
Metaheuristics for Hazmat Transportation | p. 174 |
A Metaheuristic for Multimodal Hazmat Transportation | p. 176 |
Conclusions and Research Opportunities | p. 178 |
Bibliography | p. 178 |
Freight Security and Livability: US Toxic and Hazardous Events from 2000 to 2010 | p. 183 |
Introduction | p. 183 |
Background | p. 184 |
Data on Consequences | p. 187 |
National Transportation Atlas Database 2010 | p. 187 |
Hazardous Materials Information Reporting System (HMIRS) | p. 187 |
Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) | p. 188 |
Lexis-Neds and Newspaper Reporting on Serious Spill Incidents | p. 188 |
Consequences and Geography | p. 188 |
Event Consequences | p. 190 |
Conclusions | p. 195 |
Bibliography | p. 198 |
Security of Hazmat Transports: International Policies and Practices | p. 201 |
Security of Hazmat Transports in Italy | p. 203 |
Introduction | p. 203 |
Security of Hazmat Transports: International Policies and Practices | p. 201 |
Security of Hazmat Transports in Italy | p. 203 |
Introduction | p. 203 |
Economic Significance of Hazmat Transport in Italy | p. 204 |
Hazmat Transport by Road | p. 204 |
Hazmat Transport by Rail | p. 206 |
Hazmat Transport by Sea | p. 208 |
The Italian Legal Framework on Hazmat Transport Security | p. 210 |
Recent Italian Case Studies Related to Hazmat Transport Security | p. 213 |
Detailed Description of the Most Recent Hazmat Transport Security-Related Events | p. 214 |
Concluding Remarks | p. 216 |
Bibliography | p. 217 |
Security of Hazmat Transports in The Netherlands from a Security Practitioner's Point of View | p. 219 |
Introduction | p. 219 |
Safety and Security | p. 220 |
The Netherlands: a Risk-Prone Country with a Risk-Prone Infrastructure | p. 222 |
The Dutch Transport Infrastructure as Risk Factor | p. 223 |
Transport and Logistics in The Netherlands | p. 225 |
Security Issues in Transport and Logistics | p. 228 |
Terrorism | p. 229 |
Transport and Logistics Crime | p. 229 |
Safety First | p. 230 |
Partners in Security | p. 232 |
Conclusion | p. 234 |
Bibliography | p. 235 |
Internet Sources | p. 235 |
Safeguarding Hazmat Shipments in the US: Policies and Challenges | p. 237 |
Introduction | p. 237 |
Intermodalism | p. 237 |
The Pre-9/11 Situation | p. 238 |
The Magnitude of the Problem | p. 239 |
The Impact of 9/11 | p. 240 |
The Rail Sector | p. 246 |
Vulnerabilities | p. 246 |
Solutions and Their Effectiveness | p. 248 |
Emergency Planning and Response | p. 250 |
The Federal Government and the Private Sector | p. 251 |
Highways | p. 252 |
Vulnerabilities and Policies | p. 252 |
Administration and Coordination | p. 253 |
Local Governments and the Private Sector | p. 255 |
Mirrimizing Trucking Vulnerabilities | p. 257 |
Conclusions | p. 258 |
Bibliography | p. 259 |
Web Sites | p. 261 |
Security of Hazmat Transports in Iran | p. 263 |
Introduction | p. 263 |
Overview of the Current Status | p. 264 |
Strengths and Weaknesses of Iran's Transportation System | p. 267 |
Safety and Security Strategies | p. 268 |
Discussion | p. 270 |
Conclusions | p. 272 |
Bibliography | p. 272 |
Conclusions and Recommendations | p. 273 |
Unimodal and Multimodal Transportation Put into Perspective | p. 274 |
A Country-Wise Comparative Study | p. 275 |
A Look into the Future: Sustainable Multirnodality | p. 275 |
Index | p. 277 |
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