Security in Post-Conflict Africa: The Role of

Based upon six years of field work, Professor Baker presents his findings on eight post-conflict African countries. His research, gathered through interviews, observations, and focus groups, examines the complex types of law enforcement and crime prevention systems that have developed during times of political and social instability. He explores the concept of nonstate policing, explains why it dominates African security provision, describes the services provided, measures the levels of local support, and discusses issues of accountability. He suggests ways to enhance these systems and presents solutions for ensuring security through a collaborative approach between state and nonstate police.

Series Preface	p. ix
Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
About the Author	p. xv
Africa and the Post-Conflict Security Environment	p. 1
Defining Terms	p. 1
Africa	p. 1
Security	p. 1
Conflict	p. 3
Post-Conflict	p. 5
Nonstate Policing	p. 9
Conceptual Framework and Argument of the Book	p. 10
People Centered	p. 10
Nodal Security	p. 11
Normative Agnosticism	p. 12
The Role of the State	p. 13
Chapter Outline	p. 14
The Post-Conflict Environment	p. 15
The Centrality of Security	p. 15
The International Peacekeeping Phase	p. 18
Donor-Supported Security Sector Reform Phase	p. 20
Notes	p. 22
Nonstate Policing Explained	p. 27
Introduction	p. 27
Characterizing Nonstate Policing	p. 28
Their Objectives: Enforcing a Locally Defined Order	p. 29
Their Personnel: Volunteers	p. 31
Their Relationship Boundaries: Links with the State	p. 32
Their Mutability: Changing Nature and Status	p. 36
The Reasons for Their Dominance	p. 39
Changes in the Nonstate Security Sector Since 1990	p. 43
Conclusion	p. 45
Notes	p. 46
Policing the City: Neighborhood and Customary Responses	p. 47
The City Context	p. 47
The Post-Conflict City	p. 48
Crime in the City	p. 50
Living with Crime in the City	p. 54
Mob Justice	p. 56
Anticrime Groups	p. 58
Customary Groups	p. 62
Discussion	p. 64
Notes	p. 68
Policing the City: Community Police Forums and Local Government Responses	p. 71
Introduction	p. 71
Community Police Forums	p. 71
Local Government Security Structures	p. 77
Discussion	p. 80
Notes	p. 86
Policing the Village	p. 87
Introduction	p. 87
The Rural Context	p. 87
Crime	p. 90
Customary Structures	p. 92
Local Government Responses	p. 97
Rural Community Policing	p. 99
Restorative Justice Committees and Legal Aid NGOs	p. 100
Anti-Cattle Rustling Groups	p. 102
Discussion	p. 103
Notes	p. 107
Policing the Workplace	p. 109
Introduction	p. 109
Market Traders' Associations	p. 109
Drivers' Associations	p. 112
Commercial Security Companies	p. 114
Discussion	p. 119
Notes	p. 124
Policing Women	p. 125
Gendered Patterns of Crime	p. 125
Domestic Violence	p. 129
Sexual Abuse and Rape	p. 132
Nonstate Police Responses to Gender Discrimination	p. 135
Nonstate Police Responses to Domestic Violence	p. 138
Nonstate Police Responses to Sexual Violence	p. 142
Discussion	p. 144
Notes	p. 147
Fitting Nonstate Policing into Security Reform	p. 149
Introduction	p. 149
State Building	p. 150
Hybrid Governance	p. 154
Multilayered Policing Governance	p. 156
The Value of Nonstate Policing to SSR	p. 159
Local Ownership	p. 159
Organizational Attainability	p. 161
Financial Sustainability	p. 163
Human Resources Capacity	p. 164
Accountability	p. 165
Effectiveness	p. 166
The Implications of a Multilayered Policing Governance	p. 167
The Unanswered Questions	p. 171
Notes	p. 173
Bibliography	p. 175
Index	p. 193
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Security in Post-Conflict Africa: The Role of Nonstate Policing

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