Selected Writings of James Fitzjames Stephen Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

James Fitzjames Stephen was a distinguished jurist, a codifier of the law in England and India, and the judge in the ill-fated Maybrick case; a serious and prolific journalist, a pillar of the Saturday Review and the Pall Mall Gazette. This is the first critical edition of his major work Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, a systematic attack on J. S. Mill's later social and political philosophy. The text originated in a series of twenty letters to the Pall Mall Gazette following Stephen's return from India as the Legal Member of the Viceroy's council in 1872. It was published as a book in 1873 and revised the following year in response to its critics, particularly Frederic Harrison and John Morley. It is the second edition of 1874 that forms the basis of this new edition. Stephen's abrasive style matched his disdain for what he regarded as Mill's enthusiasm for 'abstract' ideals such as liberty and equality--particularly sexual equality. Against Mill's emphasis on freedom of discussion as the most effective means of addressing differences of thought and belief, Stephen argued that conflict could only be resolved by the exercise of force--physical and legal. Rejecting Mill's faith in human improvement through the exercise of reason, he emphasised the importance of revealed religion to morality and to the maintenance of political order. Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity raises significant questions concerning the limits of tolerance, the relationship between liberty to individuality and between temporal and spiritual power in modern society. It was memorably described by Sir Ernest Barker as 'the finest flowering of conservative thought in the latter half of the nineteenth century'. However, the book sought not so much to abandon liberalism as to situate it firmly within the realm of 'experience'.

Julia Stapleton, Durham University

Julia Stapleton received her PhD in Intellectual History at the University of Sussex and is a Reader in the School of Government and International Affairs at Durham University. Her research interests lie in British political thought since 1850. She is particularly interested in the narratives of nationhood that informed political discourse in this period and their intersection with religious beliefs and identities. She has written on a range of thinkers and writers, including Ernest Barker, Arthur Bryant, and G. K. Chesterton, paying particular attention to their formation and the different audiences they engaged.

Editor's Introduction
LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY
Title-page of the Second Edition
Dedicatory Letter
Preface to the Second Edition
I. The Doctrine of Liberty in General
II. The Liberty of Thought and Discussion
III. The Distinction between the Temporal and Spiritual Power
IV. The Doctrine of Liberty in Its Application to Morals
V. Equality
VI. Fraternity
VII. Conclusion
Note on Utilitarianism
Appendix 1
Stephen's review of On Liberty
(i) 'Mr. Mill on Political Liberty' Saturday Review, 13 February 1859.
(ii) 'Mr. Mill on Political Liberty', (Second Notice), Saturday Review, 19 February 1859.
Appendix 2
Three letters from J.S. Mill to J.F. Stephen.
Appendix 3
Frederic Harrison, 'The Religion of Inhumanity', The Fortnightly Review, 13:78 (June 1873), 677-99.
Appendix 4
John Morley, 'Mr. Mill's Doctrine of Liberty', The Fortnightly Review, 14:80 (August 1873), 234-56.
Appendix 5
(i) R.H. Hutton, 'Mr. Stephen on Liberty, Equality, Fraternity', The Spectator, 46:2345 (7 June 1873), 728?30.
(ii) R.H. Hutton, 'Mr. Stephen on Liberty, Equality, Fraternity', The Spectator, 46:2346 (14 June 1873), 761-3.
Appendix 6
Henry Sidgwick, review of Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, by J.F. Stephen, The Academy, IV:77 (August, 1873), 292?3.
The Dundee By-Election, 1873: material from the Dundee Advertiser, including extracts from LEF.
Bibliography
Index of Names
Index of Subjects