Semiotic Grammar

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ISBN: 9780198236887 | 0198236883
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 12/4/1997

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McGregor proposes and develops a new theory of grammar based on the notion of the linguistic sign. In interpreting language and its structure as a semiotic system consisting of signs, he provides a range of new analyses of well established syntactic and morphological relations, categories, and roles. This book constitutes an important and valuable contribution to linguistic theory, drawing on the author's extensive knowledge of Australian Aboriginal languages, as well as discussing data from more familiar languages, such as English.

List of Figures

xix

(1)

List of Tables

(1)

Abbreviations and Conventions

xxi

1 Introduction

(20)

1.1 Why semiotic grammar?--grammar as a semiotic system

(2)

1.2 Formal and functional theories of grammar

(4)

1.3 Goals and aims of semiotic grammar

(3)

1.4 Methodological issues

(8)

1.4.1 Primary methods and data

(4)

1.4.2 Criteria of adequacy

(4)

1.5 Structure of this book

(3)

2 Basic Concepts of Grammatical Theory

(33)

2.1 Constituency

(11)

2.1.1 Basic notions

(7)

2.1.2 Constituency, units, and functions

(4)

2.2 Parts of speech

(6)

2.3 Signs

(7)

2.4 Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations

(3)

2.5 On meaning

(6)

3 Syntagmatic Relations: A Classification of Signs

(34)

3.1 The inadequacy of constituency

(4)

3.2 Other types of syntagmatic relationship

(15)

3.2.1 Dependency relations

(5)

3.2.2 Conjugational relations

(6)

3.2.3 Linking relations

(3)

3.3 A classification of signs

(7)

3.4 Types of linguistic unit

(4)

3.5 Overview of semiotic grammar

(4)

4 Constituency: The Experiential Semiotic

(49)

4.1 Fundamental units and relationships

(5)

4.2 The clause

(26)

4.2.1 Transitivity: an experiential classification of clauses

(13)

4.2.2 Another experiential classification of clauses

106

(7)

4.2.3 Participant roles

113

(2)

4.2.4 Non-participant roles

115

(3)

4.2.5 Uniqueness of roles

118

(1)

4.3 The phrase

119

(8)

4.3.1 The Nominal Phrase

119

(3)

4.3.2 The Verb Phrase

122

(4)

4.3.3 Other types of phrases

126

(1)

4.4 Rankshifting and embedding

127

(10)

5 Dependency: The Logical Semiotic

137

(72)

5.1 Types of dependency relationships

137

(3)

5.2 Dependency relations within clauses

140

(35)

5.2.1 Relational clauses

140

(15)

5.2.1.1 Elaborating relational clauses

143

(6)

5.2.1.2 Enhancing relational clauses

149

(2)

5.2.1.3 Extending relational clauses

151

(4)

5.2.2 Situation clauses with inherent logical relationships

155

(13)

5.2.2.1 Situation clauses with an inherent relationship of elaboration

156

(9)

5.2.2.2 Situation clauses with an inherent relationship of enhancement

165

(1)

5.2.2.3 Situation clauses with an inherent relationship of extension

166

(2)

5.2.3 Non-inherent logical relationships in situation clauses

168

(7)

5.2.3.1 Enhancement

168

(3)

5.2.3.2 Elaboration

171

(4)

5.2.3.3 Extension

175

(1)

5.3 Dependency relations within phrases

175

(12)

5.3.1 NPs

176

(7)

5.3.1.1 Elaboration in NPs

176

(4)

5.3.1.2 Extension in NPs

180

(2)

5.3.1.3 Enhancement in NPs

182

(1)

5.3.1.4 Concluding remarks

182

(1)

5.3.2 VPs

183

(4)

5.3.2.1 Elaboration in VPs

183

(3)

5.3.2.2 Extension in VPs

186

(1)

5.3.2.3 Enhancement in VPs

186

(1)

5.4 Complex sentences involving dependency relationships

187

(15)

5.4.1 Dependency between clauses

189

(9)

5.4.1.1 Parataxis and hypotaxis

189

(5)

5.4.1.2 Expansion: Elaboration, extension, and enhancement

194

(4)

5.4.2 Dependency between clauses, phrases, and words

198

(4)

5.5 Interphrasal relationships of dependency

202

(7)

5.5.1 NPs in logical relationships

202

(3)

5.5.2 VPs in logical relationships

205

(4)

6 Conjugation: The Interpersonal Semiotic

209

(75)

6.1 Fundamental properties of conjugational relationships

209

(4)

6.2 Intra-clausal interpersonal modification

213

(20)

6.2.1 Illocutionary modification

213

(8)

6.2.2 Attitudinal modification

221

(1)

6.2.3 Rhetorical modification

222

(11)

6.2.3.1 Expectation and presupposition modification

223

(1)

6.2.3.2 Status modification

224

(8)

6.2.3.2.1 Polarity

224

(3)

6.2.3.2.2 Modality

227

(4)

6.2.3.2.3 Mood

231

(1)

6.2.3.3 Authorizational modification

232

(1)

6.2.3.4 Reactional modification

233

(1)

6.3 Interpersonal classification of clauses

233

(6)

6.3.1 Minor clauses

234

(2)

6.3.2 Major clauses

236

(3)

6.4 Scoping clauses

239

(12)

6.4.1 Scopal relationships of the illocutionary type

240

(1)

6.4.2 Scopal relationships of the attitudinal type

241

(2)

6.4.3 Scopal relationships of the rhetorical type

243

(6)

6.4.3.1 Complementation

243

(1)

6.4.3.2 Tagging

244

(5)

6.4.4 Scoping relationships in which a clause modifies a word or phrase

249

(1)

6.4.5 A construction in which an N has scope over a clause

250

(1)

6.5 Framing clauses

251

(19)

6.5.1 Represented speech

252

(6)

6.5.2 Represented thoughts

258

(7)

6.5.3 Interpersonal types of framing

265

(1)

6.5.4 Framing of and by units other than clauses

266

(3)

6.5.5 Concluding remarks

269

(1)

6.6 Information packaging

270

(11)

6.6.1 Information packaging as an interpersonal phenomenon

270

(8)

6.6.2 What is information?

278

(3)

6.7 Concluding remarks

281

(3)

7 Linking Relationships: The Textural Semiotic

284

(63)

7.1 Linking relations in grammar and discourse

284

(4)

7.2 Theme

288

(19)

7.2.1 Problems with the SFG notion of Theme

288

(2)

7.2.2 SG classification of types of theme

290

(12)

7.2.2.1 Types of theme in declarative clauses in English

291

(10)

7.2.2.2 Theme in non-declarative moods

301

(1)

7.2.3 Theme and text connectivity

302

(3)

7.2.4 Negative themes

305

(1)

7.2.5 Concluding remarks

306

(1)

7.3 Presentative clauses

307

(4)

7.4 Reference

311

(17)

7.4.1 Types of reference relationships

311

(3)

7.4.2 Direct reference

314

(8)

7.4.3 Indirect reference

322

(1)

7.4.4 Bound reference relationships

323

(5)

7.5 Ellipsis

328

(5)

7.6 Substitution

333

(3)

7.7 Conjunction

336

(4)

7.8 Grammatical marking

340

(7)

7.8.1 Relating

340

(3)

7.8.2 Category marking

343

(4)

8 Enough Ain't Enough: The Grammar of Nominal Tautologies in English

347

(30)

8.1 Preliminary remarks

347

(1)

8.2 Two approaches to nominal tautologies

348

(8)

8.3 Grammatical characteristics of nominal tautologies

356

(13)

8.3.1 Grammatical distinctiveness

356

(4)

8.3.2 The meaning of nominal tautologies in English

360

(7)

8.3.3 Grammatical structure of nominal tautologies in English

367

(2)

8.4 Interpersonal modification of nominal tautologies

369

(4)

8.5 Conclusion

373

(4)

9 Grammar and Beyond

377

(15)

9.1 Grammatical categories in language use

377

(7)

9.2 Grammar and sociolinguistics

384

(4)

9.3 Future prospects

388

(4)

References

392

(15)

Author Index

407

(3)

Language Index

410

(2)

Subject Index

412

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Semiotic Grammar

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