Sex and Gender A Spectrum of Views

SEX AND GENDER: A SPECTRUM OF VIEWS provides a medium for discussion and debate about today's most provocative issues concerning human sexuality and the relationships between masculinity and femininity. Including a spectrum of views that ranges from the stridently conservative to the progressively feminist, this anthology engages students in these subjects using a wider range of standpoints than is typical of such readers.

Preface for Instructors

v

Introduction for Students

viii

About the Editors

xiv

About the Contributors

xiv

Methodological Prologue: How Should We Think About Sex and Gender?

1

(3)

``A Propos of Lady Chatterley's Lover''

4

(5)

D. H. Lawrence

``The Fruits of Unreason''

9

(8)

Janet Radcliffe Richards

UNIT I MALE AND FEMALE: IS THE DISTINCTION NATURAL OR CONVENTIONAL?

17

(64)

``My Conundrum''

22

(8)

Jan Morris

``The Principle of Totality-A Possible Justification for Transsexual Surgery?''

30

(5)

Anthony Mastroeni

``The Universality of Sex Roles''

35

(8)

Stephen B. Clark

``The Primacy of Gender Attribution''

43

(10)

Suzanne Kessler

Wendy McKenna

``Sex Roles and the Ideal Society''

53

(5)

Richard Wasserstrom

``Biology, Mere and Otherwise''

58

(8)

Mary Midgley

Judith Hughes

``Sex and Gender''

66

(15)

Roger Scruton

UNIT II SEXUALITY: THE FLESH AND THE SPIRIT

81

(62)

``The Inherent Privacy of Sex''

87

(3)

Richard Mohr

``Intercourse''

90

(5)

Andrea Dworkin

``The Place of Sex Among Human Values''

95

(3)

Bertrand Russell

``Sexual Perversion''

98

(7)

Thomas Nagel

``Reproduction as the Goal of Sexuality''

105

(2)

Richard Connell

``Sexual Intercourse: Its Relation to the Rest of Women's Sexual Role''

107

(7)

Niles Newton

``The Politics of Orgasm''

114

(4)

Susan Lydon

``Late Victorians''

118

(10)

Richard Rodriguez

``From Old Gay to New''

128

(7)

Arlene Stein

``The Ladder of Eros''

135

(8)

Plato

UNIT III REPRODUCTION: HOW FAR SHOULD WE TRY TO CONTROL IT?

143

(64)

``We Do Abortions Here''

150

(5)

Sallie Tisdale

``A Defense of Abortion''

155

(8)

Judith Jarvis Thomson

``Abortion and the `Feminine Voice'''

163

(10)

Celia Wolf-Devin

``Birth Control and the Ideals of Marital Sexuality''

173

(5)

Rosemary Radford Ruether

``Marriage and Contraception''

178

(7)

Cormac Burke

``Collaborative Reproduction: Donors and Surrogates''

185

(7)

John Robertson

``Technology as Destiny''

192

(5)

Jean Bethke Elshtain

``Cutting Motherhood in Two''

197

(10)

Hilde

James Lindemann Nelson

UNIT IV MARRIAGE AND FAMILY: IS THE TRADITIONAL FAMILY A GOOD THING?

207

(58)

``Existential Ethics and Why It's Immoral to Be a Housewife''

216

(6)

Donald L. Hatcher

``Feeding Egos and Tending Wounds: Deference and Disaffection in Women's Emotional Labor''

222

(6)

Sandra Bartky

``Justice and the Family''

228

(6)

John Rawls

``Liberalism and the Limits of Justice''

234

(4)

Michael Sandel

``Justice, Gender, and the Family''

238

(8)

Susan Moller Okin

``The Power of the Positive Woman''

246

(4)

Phyllis Schlafly

``Feminists Against the Family''

250

(5)

Jean Bethke Elshtain

``When the Bough Breaks''

255

(10)

Sylvia Ann Hewlett

UNIT V POLITICS: GENDER IN THE PUBLIC ARENA

265

(74)

``Sex Wars: Not the Fun Kind''

276

(4)

Sandra Gilbert

Susan Gubar

``Political Philosophies of Women's Liberation''

280

(6)

Alison Jaggar

``Reweaving Society''

286

(4)

Juli Loesch Wiley

``Is the Favoring of Women and Blacks in Employment and Educational Opportunities Justified?''

290

(6)

Louis Katzner

``In Defense of Hiring Apparently Less Qualified Women''

296

(3)

Laura Purdy

``Sexual Harassment: Its First Decade in Court (1986)''

299

(9)

Catharine MacKinnon

``Reckless Eyeballing''

308

(4)

Katie Roiphe

``Men Without Women''

312

(4)

Michael Novak

``Homosex/Ethics''

316

(5)

Timothy F. Murphy

``The Conservative Case for Same-Sex Marriage''

321

(4)

Andrew Sullivan

```Same-Sex Marriage' and `Moral Neutrality'''

325

(5)

Robert P. George

``The Question of Marriage: Two Arguments''

330

(1)

David Orgon Coolidge

``Since When Is Marriage a Path to Liberation?''

331

(3)

Paula Ettelbrick

``Retying the Knot''

334

(5)

E. J. Graff

UNIT VI RELIGION: NAMING THE SUPREME BEING

339

(64)

``The Sacredness of Nature and Cosmic Religion: Sky Gods and Mother Earth''

350

(5)

Mircea Eliade

Genesis: Chapters 1-3

355

(3)

``Why Women Need the Goddess: Phenomenological, Psychological, and Political Reflections''

358

(5)

Carol P. Christ

``Basic Linguistic Options: God Women, Equivalence...''

363

(6)

Elizabeth Johnson

``On the Fatherhood of God'' and ``Is 'God the Mother' Just as Good?''

369

(6)

Juli Loesch Wiley

``Making Inclusive Language Inclusive: A Christian Gay Man's View''

375

(4)

Richard Davis

``God the Father, God the Mother, and Goddesses''

379

(7)

Susanne Heine

``Why Christians Name God `Father'''

386

(6)

Gary Culpepper

``Ecofeminism: Symbolic and Social Connections of the Oppression of Women and the Domination of Nature''

392

(7)

Rosemary Radford Ruether

``Women in Genesis 1-3''

399

(4)

Edith Black

``Traditional Judaism and Feminine Spirituality''

403

Tamar Frankiel

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Sex and Gender A Spectrum of Views

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials