Sexual Offenses and Offenders : Theory, Practice and Policy

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ISBN: 9781133049821 | 1133049826
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 6/14/2012

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This comprehensive book examines the unique characteristics of sexual offenses and the resulting laws that pertain specifically to them, including the causes and treatment of sexual offenses as well as the policy implications of research outcomes. Sexual offenders are often treated differently than other offenders (by both the community and the criminal justice system) as a result of public scorn and recidivism. This distinctive book provides you with thorough, research-based coverage of this inherently controversial subject.

Preface	p. xiii
Understanding Sexual Offending: Incidence, Prevalence, and Causes	p. 1
Sexual Offenses and Offenders	p. 3
What Is a Sexual Offense?	p. 4
Prevalence of Sexual Offending and Victimization	p. 7
Official Data on Sexual Victimization	p. 10
Research Estimates	p. 16
Reporting Sexual Abuse	p. 18
Telescoping	p. 21
Chapter Summary	p. 22
Discussion Questions	p. 23
Historical Perspectives on Sexual Behavior	p. 24
Historical, Religious, and Cultural Perspectives of Sexual Behavior	p. 24
Changing Perceptions of Deviant Sexual Behavior: The 20th Century	p. 27
1885-1935: The First Wave of Panic	p. 28
1936-1976: The Rise of the Sexual Psychopath	p. 32
1976-Present: The Emergence of a Sexually Violent Predator	p. 39
Chapter Summary	p. 42
Discussion Questions	p. 42
Etiology of Sexually Deviant Behavior	p. 44
Paraphilias and Other Sexual Disorders	p. 45
Noncontact and Minimal Contact Paraphilias	p. 46
High-Contact Paraphilias	p. 48
Psychodynamic Theories	p. 54
Biological Theories	p. 55
Feminist Theories	p. 57
Attachment Theories	p. 58
Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Theories	p. 60
Psychosocial Theories	p. 61
Routine Activities Theory	p. 63
Integrated Theories and Empirical Research	p. 64
Chapter Summary	p. 69
Discussion Questions	p. 69
Cycle of Sexual Offending	p. 71
The Offense Cycle	p. 71
Grooming and Planning	p. 73
Persistence of Offending Behavior	p. 77
Cognitive Distortions	p. 77
Victim Empathy	p. 83
The Role of Fantasies	p. 85
Behavioral Triggers	p. 87
Chapter Summary	p. 89
Discussion Questions	p. 89
Offender Typologies, Special Groups of Offenders, and Victims	p. 91
Types and Typologies of Sexual Offenders	p. 93
Specialization and Generalization of Offending Behavior	p. 94
Typologies of Rapists	p. 96
Sexually Motivated Offenses	p. 98
Nonsexually Motivated Offenses	p. 99
Typologies of Child Sexual Abusers	p. 101
Intrafamilial and Extrafamilial Abusers	p. 102
The Fixated-Regressed Typologies	p. 105
The FBI Typologies	p. 108
The MTC: CM3 Typologies	p. 109
Other Typologies	p. 111
Typologies of Female Sex Offenders	p. 111
Chapter Summary	p. 116
Discussion Questions	p. 117
Juvenile Offenders	p. 118
Who Are Juvenile Sexual Offenders?	p. 119
Prevalence, Recidivism, and Characteristics	p. 119
History of Abuse	p. 122
Female Juvenile Sex Offenders	p. 123
Juvenile Sex Offenders and Non-Sex Offenders: A Comparison	p. 124
Why Juveniles Sexually Offend	p. 126
Experimental or Criminal Behavior?	p. 126
Theories and Antecedents of Offending Behavior	p. 127
Typologies of Juvenile Sex Offenders	p. 129
Assessment and Treatment of Juvenile Offenders	p. 131
The Assessment Process	p. 132
The Treatment Process	p. 134
Management of Juvenile Offenders	p. 134
Chapter Summary	p. 136
Discussion Questions	p. 137
Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children	p. 139
Sexual Offenders and the Internet	p. 140
Accessing Child Pornography	p. 140
Scope of the Problem	p. 143
Characteristics and Typologies of Cyber Sex Offenders	p. 144
Victims of Child Pornography	p. 145
Crossover between Child Pornography and Child Sexual Abuse	p. 147
Regulating and Policing Child Pornography	p. 148
Sexting and Self-Produced Pornography	p. 152
Juvenile Prostitution	p. 154
Human Trafficking	p. 157
Chapter Summary	p. 159
Discussion Questions	p. 160
Sexual Offending in Institutional Settings	p. 161
Sexual Abuse within Child and Adolescent-Oriented Institutions	p. 162
Schools	p. 162
Child Care Settings	p. 162
Boy Scouts of America	p. 163
Big Brothers Big Sisters	p. 164
Athletic Organizations	p. 165
Professional and Legal Remedies	p. 167
Sexual Abuse in Religious Institutions	p. 167
Child Sexual Abuse within Non-Catholic Religious Organizations	p. 168
Sexual Abuse within the Catholic Church	p. 172
Sexual Abuse within Prisons	p. 177
Prevalence and Reporting	p. 178
Effects of Victimization	p. 179
Characteristics of Sexual Assaulters and Victims in Prison	p. 180
Prison Rape Elimination Act	p. 181
Preventing Sexual Assault in Prison	p. 182
Sexual Abuse within the Military	p. 183
Chapter Summary	p. 184
Discussion Questions	p. 184
Victims	p. 186
Overview of Research on Sexual Victimization	p. 187
Effects of Victimization	p. 190
Physical Harm	p. 191
Psychological Reactions	p. 192
Rape Trauma Syndrome and the Stages of Victimization	p. 195
Secondary Victims	p. 196
Responding to Reports of Sexual Abuse: The Medical and Criminal Justice Processes	p. 197
The Hospital	p. 198
The Police	p. 200
The Adversarial Process	p. 202
Victim Treatment and Counseling	p. 209
Chapter Summary	p. 212
Discussion Questions	p. 212
Responses to Sexual Offenders: Treatment, Punishment and Community Regulations	p. 213
Management and Supervision of Sex Offenders in the Community	p. 215
Overview of Sex Offender Laws	p. 216
Jacob Wetterling Crimes against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act (1994)	p. 216
Megan's Law (1996)	p. 217
Pam Lychner Sex Offender Tracking and Identification Act (1996)	p. 218
Protection of Children from Sexual Predators Act (1998)	p. 218
Campus Sex Crimes Prevention Act (2000)	p. 218
Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to End the Exploitation of Children Today (PROTECT) Act (2003)	p. 219
Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act (2006)	p. 219
Registration and Community Notification Laws	p. 220
RCNL Regulations and Guidelines	p. 220
Legal Challenges to RCNL	p. 223
Risk Assessment	p. 227
The Adam Walsh Act: Uniformity and Controversy	p. 230
Efficacy of RCNL	p. 232
Residence Restrictions	p. 235
GPS Monitoring	p. 237
The Containment Approach: Collaborating for Effective Management	p. 239
Reentry and Reintegration	p. 242
Housing	p. 242
Employment and School	p. 243
Recreation and Social Relationships	p. 244
Chapter Summary	p. 245
Discussion Questions	p. 246
Assessment and Treatment of Sexual Offenders	p. 247
History of Treatment	p. 248
"Nothing Works"	p. 250
Professionalization of Treatment	p. 251
Assessment for Treatment	p. 252
Background Information	p. 252
Physiological Testing	p. 253
Psychometric and Actuarial Testing	p. 253
Types of Treatments	p. 254
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment	p. 254
Medical Treatment	p. 260
Community versus Prison Treatment	p. 262
Variables and Controversies with Treatment	p. 265
Ethics of Sex Offender Treatment	p. 265
Treatment Staff	p. 267
Assessment for Treatment Participation: Exclusion Criteria	p. 268
Measuring Treatment Effectiveness	p. 269
Methodological Considerations	p. 270
Study Findings	p. 272
Chapter Summary	p. 274
Discussion Questions	p. 274
Incapacitating Sex Offenders	p. 276
SVP Legislation	p. 277
Definition of an SVP	p. 277
The Commitment Process	p. 278
State Variation in SVP Statutes	p. 279
The Role of Mental Health in SVP Legislation	p. 281
Assessing "Dangerousness"	p. 281
Treatment	p. 283
Release	p. 284
Legal Arguments about SVP Legislation	p. 284
Understanding the Goals and Efficacy of SVP Legislation	p. 289
Chapter Summary	p. 291
Discussion Questions	p. 291
Bibliography	p. 293
Index	p. 351
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Sexual Offenses and Offenders : Theory, Practice and Policy

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