Sexuality, Obscenity, and Community : Women,

Through analysis of an impressive array of "low" and "high" Hindi literature, particularly pamphlets, tracts, magazines and newspapers, compounded with archival data, Gupta explores the emerging discourse of gender and sexuality, which was essential to the development of notions of Hindu nationalism and community identity in the colonial period. The book offers an exceptionally nuanced account of Hindu gender politics.

Charu Gupta is a Reader in History at the University of Delhi. She has published a number of articles on gender and Hindu nationalism.

List of Illustrations

viii

Acknowledgements

ix

Note on Translation, Transliteration Orthography, and Referencing Methods

xiii

Abbreviations

xiv

Introduction

1

(29)

Women, Caste, Class and Hindu Communalism in UP

13

(17)

Redefining Obscenity and Aesthetics in Print

30

(55)

Colonial Perceptions of Obscenity

34

(5)

`Obscenities' in Hindi Literature

39

(27)

The Indigenous Elite and Literary Concerns

39

(10)

'Dirty' Literature: Contesting the Logic of Morality?

49

(17)

Brahmacharya, Kaliyug and the Advertisement of Aphrodisiacs

66

(19)

Sanitising Women's Social Spaces

85

(38)

Controls over Entertainment

85

(23)

The Dangers of Prostitutes: The Moral and Urban Geographical Frameworks of Hindus

108

(15)

Mapping the Domestic Domain

123

(73)

Unstable Sexualities: The Sexual Politics of the Home

124

(37)

Conjugality and Desire: The Power of Difference

125

(3)

Controversies Around Some Legislative Activities on Hindu Marriage

128

(12)

Fashion, Clothes, Jewellery, Purdah

140

(11)

The Devar-Bhabhi Relationship

151

(10)

Education and the Fear of Reading: Stated Aims, Unintended Consequences

161

(15)

Gender, Health and Medical Knowledge

176

(20)

From Traditional Dais to Trained Midwives

177

(8)

Child-Care, Women's Health and Indigenous Practices

185

(5)

Plague and Women's Honour

190

(6)

The Icon of the Mother: Bharat Mata, Matri Bhasha and Gau Mata

196

(26)

Mapping the Mother/Nation: The Bharat Mata Temple at Banaras

198

(5)

Language Debates

203

(10)

Hindi as Mother

205

(1)

Lewd or Chaste, Feminine or Masculine?

206

(7)

The Cow as Mother

213

(9)

'Us' and `Them': Anxious Hindu Masculinity and the `Other'

222

(55)

From Malabar to Malkanas: The Shuddhi and Sangathan Movements

223

(7)

Evoking Hindu Male Prowess, Community and Nation

230

(5)

Hindu Woman as Sister-in-Arms

235

(4)

Conceiving the `Other'

239

(20)

Approaching the Muslim Woman

239

(4)

Abduction Campaigns and the Lustful Muslim Male

243

(16)

Innovative Propaganda Manipulation

259

(18)

Hindu Women, Muslim Men

277

(44)

Regulating Women by Fracturing Shared Spaces in Everyday Life

268

(30)

Economic and Social Boycott

273

(8)

Attacking the Cult of Ghazi Main

281

(17)

Hindu Wombs, Muslim Progeny: Shifting Debates on Widow Remarriage

298

(23)

The `Problem' of Widows' Sexuality

302

(5)

The Numbers Game

307

(14)

Some Conclusions and Beyond

321

(9)

Elopements and Conversions: The Recuperative Possibilities of (Im)possible Love?

325

(5)

Appendix: Brief Background of Some Hindi Writers and Hindu Publicists

330

(8)

Glossary

338

(7)

Bibliography

345

(40)

Index

385

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Sexuality, Obscenity, and Community : Women, Muslims, and the Hindu Public in Colonial India

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials