Shared Decision Making in Health Care Achieving evidence-based patient choice

Over the past decade health care systems around the world have placed increasing importance on the relationship between patient choice and clinical decision-making. In the years since the publication of the second edition of Shared Decision Making in Health Care, there have been significant new developments in the field, most notably in the US where 'Obamacare' puts shared decision making (SDM) at the centre of the 2009 Affordable Care Act.

This new edition explores shared decision making by examining, from practical and theoretical perspectives, what should comprise an effective decision-making process. It also looks at the benefits and potential difficulties that arise when patients and clinicians share health care decisions. Written by leading experts from around the world and utilizing high quality evidence, the book provides an up-to-date reference with real-word context to the topics discussed, and in-depth coverage of the practicalities of implementing and teaching SDM.

The breadth of information in Shared Decision Making in Health Care makes it the definitive source of expert knowledge for healthcare policy makers. As health care systems adapt to increasingly collaborative patient-clinician care frameworks, this will also prove a useful guide to SDM for clinicians of all disciplines.

Glyn Elwyn, Professor, Dartmouth Institute for Health Care Policy and Clinical Practice, Hanover, NH, USA,Adrian Edwards, Director of the Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK,Rachel Thompson, Assistant Professor, Dartmouth Institute for Health Care Policy and Clinical Practice, Hanover, NH, USA

Glyn Elwyn, MD MSc FRCGP PhD is a physician-researcher, Professor and Senior Scientist at The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, USA. After reading the humanities he qualified in medicine in the United Kingdom. He completed a masters in medical education (MSc) and a health services research doctorate (PhD) under the guidance of Professor Richard Grol in the Netherlands.

Professor Elwyn leads interdisciplinary research examining the implementation of shared decision making, user-centred design of patient decision support interventions and the integration of these into routine health care. He also holds the following positions: Honorary Research Chair at Cardiff University and Visiting Chair at the Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Netherlands.

Professor Adrian Edwards is Professor in General Practice and Director of the Institute for Primary Care & Public Health at Cardiff University, Wales, UK. He is also a part-time general practitioner in Cwmbran, Gwent, South Wales and sees about 60 patients per week. He also has Visiting appointments at Aarhus and Southern Denmark Universities.

Dr Rachel Thompson is an Assistant Professor at The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, USA. She conducts applied health services research that seeks to enhance provider-patient communication; facilitate shared decision-making by patients and providers; support providers to understand and respond to the needs and preferences of patients; and strengthen the patient voice in the design and evaluation of health services, clinical trials, and health care guidelines and policies. She has broader research interests in implementation science, particularly in research that seeks to increase understanding of barriers and enablers to the successful adoption of evidence-based innovations, and to successful disinvestment in futile or harmful interventions in health care.

Section 1: Real-world context
1. Shared decision making: a path to customised rather than commercialised healthcare, Glyn Elwyn and Adrian Edwards
2. Broad versus narrow shared decision making: patients involvement in real world contexts, Vikki A. Entwistle and Ian S. Watt
3. Embracing patient and family engagement to advance shared decision making, Dominick L. Frosch and Kristin L. Carman
4. Overcoming implementation challenges to advance shared decision making in routine practice, Dominick L. Frosch, Caroline Tietbohl, and Isabelle Scholl
5. Implementing shared decision making: an organisational imperative, William A. Nelson, John J. Donnellan, and Glyn Elwyn
6. The role of shared decision making in achieving allocative efficiency in health systems, Albert G. Mulley, Jr.
Section 2: Practical SDM
7. Emerging legal issues for providers in the US, Benjamin W. Moulton and Thaddeus M. Pope
8. Preparing patients ahead of time to share decisions about their health care, Natalie Joseph-Williams, Adrian Edwards, and Glyn Elwyn
9. Demystifying decision aids: a practical guide for clinicians, Rachel Thompson and Lyndal Trevena
10. Tools to engage patients in clinical encounters, Glyn Elwyn and Victor M. Montori
11. Engaging clinical teams in an interprofessional approach to shared decision making, Dawn Stacey, France Legare, and Nathalie Briere
12. The science and art of partnering with patients in research, Kyla Donnelly and Pearl Brady
Section 3: Teaching SDM
13. The three talk model of shared decision making, Glyn Elwyn
14. Models for teaching shared decision making, Gregory Makoul and Nan Cochran
15. Standardised patients as educational interventions, Nan Cochran, Dawn Carey, and Arianna I. Blaine
16. Avatars and virtual worlds: new technology solutions for teaching and learning shared decision making, Suzanne Mitchell and Jeffrey Ring
17. Dispelling myths about the implementation of shared decision making, Alan Nye, Suzanne Brodney, Meg Bowen, and Richard Wexler
Section 4: Communicating evidence
18. What you need to know as a clinician about risk communication, Adrian Edwards and Lyndal Trevena
19. Making sense of numbers about health risks The Facts Box, Michelle McDowell
20. Overdiagnosis and overtreatment: Beware of guidelines with expanded disease definitions, Ray Moynihan
Section 5: Evidence reviews
21. GRADE: a framework to evaluate the quality of evidence and facilitate shared decision making, Michael R. Gionfriddo, M. Hassan Murad, Annie LeBlanc, and Victor M. Montori
22. The effects of patient decision aids: a systematic review, Dawn Stacey, France Legare, Karen Eden, Nananda Col, and Annie LeBlanc
23. Implementing shared decision making: a systematic review, France Legare, Isabelle Scholl, Dawn Stacey, and Stephane Turcotte
24. Personalised care planning: a systematic review, Angela Coulter and Vikki Entwistle
25. Using interventions with patients before clinical encounters to encourage their participation: a systematic review, Marjan Faber, Sandra van Dulmen, and Paul Kinnersley
Section 6: Measurement
26. Patient-reported measures of shared decision making, Paul J. Barr, Isabelle Scholl, and Debra de Silva
27. Observer measures of shared decision making, Glyn Elwyn and Arianna I. Blaine
28. Implementing shared decision making: The role of incentives, Paul J. Barr and Marie-Anne Durand
Section 7: Implementation case studies
29. Case Study: The shared decision making story at Group Health, David Arterburn, Emily O. Westbrook, and Clarissa Hsu
30. Case Study: Different outcomes from different approaches - Experience from The Cardiff MAGIC Program, UK, Amy Lloyd and Natalie Joseph-Williams
31. Case Study: Changing culture and delivery to achieve shared decision making at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC), New Hampshire, Alice O. Andrews, Stephen A. Kearing, and Dale C. Vidal
32. Case Study: Letting patients decide - A novel distribution strategy in primary care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Leigh Simmons, Lauren Leavitt, and Karen Sepucha
33. Case Study: Developing and implementing decision support at the Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Ming Tai-Seale
34. Case Study: Interventions to create better conversations at the Mayo Clinic, Claudia Zeballos-Palacios, Annie LeBlanc, Erik P. Hess, Jon Tilburt, Kirk Wyatt, Kasey Boehmer, Maggie Breslin, Megan Branda, and Victor M. Montori
Section 8: The broader picture
35. Shared decision making interventions and health inequalities, Marie-Anne Durand, Robert J. Volk, and Glyn Elwyn
36. Shared decision making, health literacy, and patient empowerment, Marion McAllister
37. Shared decision making and motivational interviewing: Integrating two basic tools, Glyn Elwyn and Dominick L. Frosch
38. Quality improvement and shared decision making: How can shared decision making fit into quality improvement efforts?, Christina Gunther-Murphy, Andrea Kabcenell, and Gareth Parry
39. Bringing shared decision making and evidence-based practice together, Tammy Hoffmann and Paul Glasziou
40. Encounter tools: interventions to engage people in decision making, Thomas Agoritsas and Richard Lehman
Section 9: Moving forward
41. How can journalists do a better job reporting on the principles of shared decision making?, Gary Schwitzer
42. What can patients and patient groups do to promote shared decision making?, Kristin L. Carman, Thomas A. Workman, and Marla L. Clayman
43. What can junior physicians do to help promote shared decision making?, J.W.M. (Annemijn) Aarts, Andrew Carson-Stevens, Barry G. Main, Manish K. Mishra, and Leigh H. Simmons
44. What can experienced physicians do to help promote shared decision making?, Alan Nye, Michael Barry, Kevin Bozic, Jan Kremer, Sheila Macphail, and Gautham Suresh
45. What can medical educators do to help promote shared decision making?, Jill E. Thistlethwaite
Index