Shinto and the State, 1868-1988
, by Helen Hardacre- ISBN: 9780691073484 | 0691073481
- Cover: Nonspecific Binding
- Copyright: 11/10/2020
List of Tables | p. xi |
Foreword | p. xiii |
Acknowledgments | p. xv |
Introduction | p. 3 |
Studies of State Shinto | p. 5 |
Issues, Themes, and Goals | p. 7 |
Shinto in the Tokugawa Era (1600-1868) | p. 9 |
The Relation between Buddhism and Shinto | p. 14 |
Ise Pilgrimage | p. 15 |
The Influence of National Learning | p. 16 |
Summary | p. 18 |
The Modern History of Relations Between Shinto and the State | p. 21 |
Chronological Overview | p. 21 |
The Meiji Restoration and the Beginning of State Shinto | p. 27 |
The Separation of Buddhism from Shinto | p. 27 |
Building Institutions | p. 28 |
Disunity in the Department of Divinity | p. 29 |
Reform of Imperial Ritual | p. 31 |
The Creation of National Rites and Ceremonies | p. 32 |
The Slump of Middle Meiji (1880-1905) | p. 33 |
Is Shinto a Religion? | p. 34 |
The Movement to Reestablish the Department of Divinity | p. 36 |
Shrine Building after the Russo-Japanese War | p. 37 |
Freedom of Religion | p. 39 |
Postwar Shinto | p. 40 |
The Great Promulgation Campaign | p. 42 |
The Campaign | p. 42 |
The Pantheon Dispute | p. 48 |
The New Religions in the Great Promulgation Campaign | p. 51 |
Conclusion | p. 58 |
The Shinto Priesthood | p. 60 |
The Internal Diversity of the Shinto Priesthood | p. 60 |
The Evolution of a Concept of Religion | p. 63 |
Shrine Administrators | p. 65 |
The Idea of a National Teaching | p. 66 |
Shrine Administrators' Diversity and Influence | p. 68 |
National Teaching in Practice | p. 70 |
Questions of Doctrine and Rites | p. 72 |
The Provincial Priesthood | p. 73 |
Concluding Remarks | p. 76 |
Shrines and the Rites of Empire Part I: Shinto Shrines | p. 79 |
The Separation of Buddhism from Shinto | p. 81 |
Shrine Registration | p. 83 |
Shrine Rankings | p. 84 |
Distribution of Ise Talismans and Almanacs | p. 86 |
The Ise Shrines and Their Outposts | p. 87 |
The State-Sponsored Cult of the War Dead and Loyalists | p. 90 |
Provincial Centers of the Cult of the War Dead | p. 92 |
The Meiji Shrine | p. 93 |
Shrines in the Colonies | p. 95 |
State Shrine Support | p. 96 |
Shrine Mergers | p. 98 |
Shrines and the Rites of Empire Part II: Shrine Rites | p. 100 |
Shrine Rites: Types and Standardization | p. 100 |
The Liturgical Structure of Shrine Rites | p. 102 |
Large-Scale State Rites | p. 104 |
Civic Rites in Provincial Society | p. 106 |
Shrine Observances Involving Schoolchildren | p. 108 |
Customary Observances and Shinto | p. 110 |
Conclusion | p. 112 |
Religious Freedom Under State Shinto | p. 114 |
The Meiji Constitution | p. 115 |
The Imperial Rescript on Education | p. 121 |
The Religious Organizations Law | p. 124 |
The Suppression of New Religious Movements | p. 126 |
Shinto's Role in Restricting Religious Freedom | p. 128 |
Conclusion | p. 131 |
Shinto and the State Since 1945 | p. 133 |
Shinto and the Occupation | p. 134 |
The Shinto Directive | p. 136 |
Religious Freedom and the Separation of Church and State | p. 137 |
The Religious Juridical Persons Law | p. 139 |
The Implementation of the Occupation's Policy on Religion | p. 140 |
Shinto since World War II | p. 142 |
Postwar Challenges to Religious Freedom and to Separation of State and Religion | p. 143 |
The Attempt to Reestablish State Support for the Yasukuni Shrine | p. 145 |
The Tsu Grounds Purification Case | p. 149 |
Cabinet Tribute at the Yasukuni Shrine | p. 150 |
The Self-Defense Force Apotheosis Case | p. 153 |
Conclusion | p. 157 |
Epilogue | p. 160 |
Appendixes | p. 165 |
Government Expenditures for Shrines in Comparative Perspective | p. 165 |
The Shinto Directive | p. 167 |
Notes | p. 171 |
Selected Sources | p. 191 |
Index | p. 199 |
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