Sicily

This concise history relates how Sicily rose to become the first independent, civilised nation of greater Italy, and home to many of the world's most distinguished philosophers, mathematicians, scientists, and artists.

Dr. Joseph F. Privitera is one of America's foremost experts on Sicily. A retired U.S. Foreign Service Officer and former university professor of romance languages, he has devoted a lifetime to language study and research

Acknowledgment

v

Sicily

vi

Lorraine Hanson

Preface

xv

Introduction

1

(2)

TRINACRIA

3

(18)

The Greeks

3

(8)

Athens Vs. Trinacria

11

(1)

Phoenician Invasion under Hannibal

11

(1)

Dionysius I

12

(1)

Dionysius II, Dion, and Timoleon

13

(1)

Agathocles and Pyrrhus

14

(1)

Sicilian Greece

15

(6)

Empedocles

17

(1)

Archimedes

17

(1)

Plato

18

(1)

The Myths

18

(3)

ENTER ROME

21

(4)

The First Punic War

21

(1)

The Sicilian Language

22

(2)

Under Teutonic Masters, and the Byzantine Empire

24

(1)

THE SARACENS

25

(10)

Sicily---A Muslim Land

25

(4)

The Saracen Legacy

29

(6)

The Mattanza

30

(1)

Poetry

31

(1)

Arabic Influence on the Sicilian Language

32

(3)

THE NORMANS

35

(32)

Crusade to the South

35

(2)

Enter the Hautevilles

37

(7)

Sicily

44

(3)

Palermo

47

(5)

Great Count Roger I

52

(2)

Adelaide

54

(1)

King Roger

55

(8)

William I and William II

63

(4)

THE HOHENSTAUFENS

67

(14)

The Great Frederick-Half-Norman, Half-German

67

(1)

Frederick II, Stupor Mundi

68

(5)

The Sicilian Vespers

73

(3)

Peter of Aragon

76

(2)

Frederick III

78

(1)

The Bubonic Plague

79

(2)

UNDER THE SPANISH HEEL

81

(8)

Greed, Chaos, Famine

81

(5)

The Spanish Inquisition

86

(3)

THE AGE OF DARKNESS---RULE OF THE SPANISH VICEROYS

89

(14)

The Viceroys

89

(2)

Sicily Serves the King's Interest

91

(1)

The Brigands

92

(1)

The Barons

92

(2)

The Church

94

(1)

The Inquisition

95

(1)

The Economy

96

(2)

Agriculture

98

(1)

Industry and the Cities

99

(1)

The Economy After 1600

100

(3)

SPANISH SICILY DISINTEGRATES

103

(6)

The Beginning of the End

103

(1)

The Palermo Revolt of 1647

103

(1)

The Rebellion of Messina

104

(3)

The Last Years of Spanish Administration

107

(2)

THE BOURBONS

109

(12)

Sicily Under Three New Masters

109

(2)

The Spanish Bourbons

111

(2)

The Viceroyalty of Caracciolo

113

(3)

Decline and Fall of the Bourbons

116

(5)

GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI

121

(8)

The Bourbons Are Routed

121

(3)

After Garibaldi

124

(5)

INTO THE 20th CENTURY

129

(6)

Italy at War

129

(1)

The Dark Age of Fascism

129

(1)

World War II

130

(2)

Sicily and the Mafia

132

(1)

World War II to the Present Day

132

(3)

SICILIA---QUO VADIS?

135

(6)

Tourism

135

(1)

Folk Poetry

135

(1)

The Theater

136

(1)

Sicilian Poets

136

(2)

Painting and Music

138

(2)

The Novel

140

(1)

Epilogue as Prologue

141

(4)

Index

145

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Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials