Single Carrier FDMA A New Air Interface for

Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) is a novel method of radio transmission under consideration for deployment in future cellular systems; specifically, in 3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE) systems. SC-FDMA has drawn great attention from the communications industry as an attractive alternative to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA).

Hyung G. Myung currently works as a senior engineer at Qualcomm/Flarion Technologies, Bedminster, New Jersey. His research interests include 3GPP Long Term Evolution and Single Carrier FDMA. Myung served in the Republic of Korea Air Force between 1996 and 1999 and then worked as a software engineer for ArrayComm, California between 2001 and 2002. During the summer of 2005 he worked at the Communication & Networking Lab at the Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, and he then worked at the Air Interface Group of InterDigital Communications Corporation, New York as an intern between February and August 2006.

David Goodman has been a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Polytechnic University in Brooklyn, New York, since 1999. He currently holds a temporary position as Program Director in the Computer and Network Systems Division of the National Science Foundation.

Preface	p. ix
Introduction	p. 1
Generations	p. 1
Standards	p. 3
Cellular Standards Organizations 3GPP and 3GPP2	p. 3
IEEE Standards	p. 6
Advanced Mobile Wireless Systems Based on FDMA	p. 6
IEEE 802.16e-Based Mobile WiMAX	p. 6
3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband	p. 8
3GPP Long Term Evolution	p. 8
Summary and Comparison of Mobile WiMAX, LTE and UMB	p. 10
Figures of Merit	p. 11
Frequency Division Technology in Broadband Wireless
Systems	p. 12
References	p. 13
Channel Characteristics and Frequency Multiplexing	p. 15
Introduction	p. 15
Radio Channel Characteristics	p. 15
Physics of Radio Transmission	p. 16
Effects of Extraneous Signals	p. 21
Transmitting and Receiving Equipment	p. 23
Radio Propagation Models	p. 24
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing	p. 25
Signal Processing	p. 26
Advantages and Weaknesses	p. 29
Single Carrier Modulation with Frequency Domain Equalization	p. 30
Frequency Domain Equalization	p. 30
Comparison with OFDM	p. 32
Summary	p. 34
References	p. 35
Single Carrier FDMA	p. 37
Introduction	p. 37
SC-FDMA Signal Processing	p. 38
Subcarrier Mapping	p. 42
Time Domain Representation of SC-FDMA Signals	p. 44
Time Domain Symbols of IFDMA	p. 45
Time Domain Symbols of LFDMA	p. 47
Time Domain Symbols of DFDMA	p. 48
Comparison of Subcarrier Mapping Schemes	p. 48
SC-FDMA and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access	p. 50
SC-FDMA and CDMA with Frequency Domain Equalization	p. 53
Single Carrier Code-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-CFDMA)	p. 55
Summary	p. 57
References	p. 59
SC-FDMA in 3GPP Long Term Evolution	p. 61
Introduction	p. 61
3GPP Technical Specifications	p. 61
Contents of the Physical Layer Technical Specifications	p. 62
Protocol Layers and Channels	p. 63
Uplink Time and Frequency Structure	p. 67
Frames and Slots	p. 67
Resource Blocks	p. 69
Basic Uplink Physical Channel Processing	p. 71
Reference (Pilot) Signal Structure	p. 76
Summary	p. 77
References	p. 78
Appendix - List of 3GPP LTE Standards	p. 78
Channel Dependent Scheduling	p. 83
Introduction	p. 83
SC-FDMA Performance Measures	p. 88
Scheduling Algorithms	p. 91
Channel Models used in Scheduling Studies	p. 93
Channel-Dependent Scheduling Simulation Studies	p. 95
Schedules Based on Perfect Channel State Information	p. 96
Schedules Based on Delayed Channel State Information	p. 101
Discussion of Scheduling Studies	p. 103
Summary	p. 105
References	p. 105
MIMO SC-FDMA	p. 107
Introduction	p. 107
Spatial Diversity and Spatial Multiplexing in MIMO Systems	p. 108
MIMO Channel	p. 109
SC-FDMA Transmit Eigen-Beamforming with Unitary Precoding	p. 111
Impact of Imperfect Feedback: Precoder Quantization/Averaging	p. 113
Impact of Imperfect Feedback: Feedback Delay	p. 115
SC-FDMA Spatial Diversity	p. 117
Summary	p. 117
References	p. 120
Peak Power Characteristics of a SC-FDMA Signal	p. 123
Introduction	p. 123
Peak Power Characteristics of a Single Carrier Signal	p. 124
PAPR of Single Antenna Transmission Signals	p. 128
PAPR of Multiple Antenna Transmission Signals	p. 132
Peak Power Reduction by Symbol Amplitude Clipping	p. 136
Summary	p. 141
References	p. 142
Simulation of a SC-FDMA System Using MATLAB	p. 143
Introduction	p. 143
Link Level Simulation of SC/FDE	p. 143
Link Level Simulation of SC-FDMA	p. 146
Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Simulation of SC-FDMA	p. 149
Summary	p. 150
References	p. 150
Simulation Codes	p. 151
MATLAB Simulation Codes for SC/FDE	p. 151
MATLAB Simulation Codes for SC-FDMA (Link Level)	p. 155
MATLAB Simulation Codes for SC-FDMA and OFDMA (PAPR)	p. 159
Derivation of Time Domain Symbols of Localized FDMA and Distributed FDMA	p. 165
Time Domain Symbols of LFDMA	p. 165
Time Domain Symbols of DFDMA	p. 167
Derivations of the Upper Bounds in Chapter 7	p. 171
Derivation of Equations (7.9) and (7.10) in Chapter 7	p. 171
Derivations of Equations (7.13) and (7.14) in Chapter 7	p. 172
Deciphering the 3GPP LTE Specifications	p. 175
Abbreviations	p. 179
Index	p. 183
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Single Carrier FDMA A New Air Interface for Long Term Evolution

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