The Six Sigma Project Planner A Step-by-Step Guide to Leading a Six Sigma Project Through DMAIC
, by Pyzdek, Thomas- ISBN: 9780071411837 | 0071411836
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 4/11/2003
Thomas Pyzdek is among the world's leading experts in Six Sigma and TQM. The recipient of ASQ's prestigious Edwards Medal for outstanding contributions to quality management, he is the author of The Six Sigma Handbook.
List of Figures | p. viii |
List of Tables | p. ix |
List of Worksheets | p. ix |
Preface | p. xiii |
Introduction | p. xiv |
How to Use The Six Sigma Planner | p. xiv |
Planning | p. 1 |
Develop the Project Charter | p. 1 |
Project Charter | p. 1 |
The Project Charter Document | p. 1 |
Conduct a Feasibility Analysis | p. 5 |
Is This a Valid Project | p. 5 |
Feasibility Analysis Study | p. 8 |
The Project Plan | p. 16 |
Project Metrics | p. 16 |
Refining the Dollar Opportunity Estimates | p. 20 |
How Will I Monitor Satisfaction with Project Success? | p. 22 |
Identify Human Resources Need to Complete the Project | p. 24 |
Identify Other Resources Needed to Complete the Project | p. 27 |
Work Breakdown Structures | p. 29 |
Creating the WBS | p. 29 |
Integration and Test | p. 32 |
Project Schedule Development | p. 32 |
Activity Definition | p. 35 |
Activity Dependencies | p. 38 |
Estimating Activity Duration | p. 40 |
Gantt Charts | p. 42 |
Network Diagrams | p. 46 |
Resource Availability | p. 51 |
Calendars | p. 51 |
Schedule Improvement | p. 54 |
Estimating Project Duration Statistically | p. 60 |
Calculating the Cost of a Schedule | p. 66 |
Resource Leveling | p. 70 |
Project Control Subplans | p. 72 |
Risk Control Plan | p. 72 |
Quality Plan | p. 80 |
Cost Control Plan | p. 84 |
Schedule Control Plan | p. 87 |
Project Schedule Management | p. 88 |
Scope Change Control Plan | p. 90 |
Change Control System | p. 90 |
Define | p. 95 |
What Is the Current State? | p. 95 |
What's Wrong with the Way Things are Now? | p. 96 |
Quantify the Undesirable Effects | p. 97 |
Tools and Techniques | p. 97 |
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) | p. 100 |
FMEA Process | p. 100 |
Process Metrics | p. 106 |
Other Key Factors and Metrics | p. 110 |
How Does This Project Move the Organization Toward Its Strategic Goals and Objectives? | p. 111 |
Measure | |
Measurement Reliability and Validity | p. 113 |
Dimension Measurement Analysis | p. 113 |
Attribute Measurement Analysis | p. 115 |
Analyze | p. 119 |
Quantify the Current Process | p. 119 |
Catalog of Data Sources for This Process | p. 119 |
Exploratory Data Analysis | p. 121 |
Descriptive Data Analysis | p. 122 |
Example of Using Worksheet | p. 124 |
Quantify the Capability of the Current Process | p. 125 |
Conduct a Process Audit | p. 125 |
Prepare an Audit Report | p. 129 |
Determine Sigma and DPMO Levels CTx's | p. 129 |
Process Capability and Process Actual Sigma Levels Continuous CTx Characteristics | p. 129 |
Measuring Process Capability for Variables Data | p. 129 |
Measuring Actual Process Performance for Variables Data | p. 130 |
Process Capability and Process Actual Sigma Levels for Attribute CTx Characteristics | p. 131 |
Measuring Process Capability for Attributes Data | p. 132 |
Measuring Actual Process Performance for Variables Data | p. 132 |
Improve | p. 139 |
Optimize the Process | p. 139 |
Perform Designed Experiments | p. 141 |
What Will the Future State Be? | p. 144 |
What are the Best Practices in This Area? | p. 144 |
Create a Future State Process Map | p. 150 |
Six Sigma Project Activities Template | p. 152 |
Presentation and Acceptance of Deliverables | p. 154 |
Control | p. 157 |
Control Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) | p. 157 |
Business Process Control Systems | p. 159 |
How Will We Maintain the Gains Made? | p. 159 |
A Tutorial on Project Selection and Management | p. 165 |
Choosing the Right Projects | p. 165 |
Customer Value Projects | p. 166 |
Using QFD to Link Six Sigma Projects to Strategies | p. 166 |
The Strategy Deployment Plan | p. 168 |
Using Customer Demands to Design For Six Sigma | p. 174 |
Structured Decision-Making | p. 175 |
Shareholder Value Projects | p. 184 |
Other Six Sigma Projects | p. 184 |
Analyzing Project Candidates | p. 184 |
Other Methods of Identifying Promising Projects | p. 184 |
Using Pareto Analysis to Identify Six Sigma Candidates | p. 185 |
Throughput-Based Project Selection | p. 186 |
Multitasking and Project Scheduling | p. 190 |
Critical Chain Project Portfolio Management | p. 191 |
Summary and Preliminary Project Selection | p. 192 |
Tracking Six Sigma Results | p. 194 |
Financial Results Validation | p. 196 |
Types of Savings | p. 196 |
Lessons Learned: Capture and Replication | p. 196 |
Appendices | p. 199 |
Issues List | p. 200 |
Risk Control Plan | p. 202 |
Quality Plan | p. 203 |
Cost Control Plan | p. 204 |
Schedule Control Plan | p. 205 |
Project Change Control Plan | p. 206 |
Audit Report | p. 207 |
Business Process Change Control Plan | p. 208 |
Resource Calendars | p. 209 |
Attribute Measurement Error Analysis | p. 210 |
Calculating Yields | p. 224 |
Normalized Yield and Sigma Level | p. 227 |
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Using MS Excel | p. 230 |
Additional Resources on Six Sigma Project Management | p. 232 |
Figures | |
The Six Sigma Project Process Flow | p. xv |
Map of Six Sigma Project Flow | p. xvii |
Six Sigma Project DMAIC Cycle Questions | p. xviii |
Example of Project Validation Analysis | p. 6 |
Example of Cost-Benefit Opportunity Calculations | p. 20 |
WBS Creation Process Flowchart | p. 29 |
Example of a WBS | p. 30 |
Types of Activity Dependencies | p. 38 |
Gantt Chart of Schedule | p. 42 |
Gantt/Milestone Chart of Actual vs. Scheduled Performance | p. 42 |
Example of Computer Gantt/Milestone Chart | p. 43 |
Example of Network Diagram | p. 48 |
Example of a Computer-Generated Network Diagram | p. 49 |
Example of a Computer-Generated Human Resource Calendar | p. 52 |
Computer Screen for Entering Task Duration Data | p. 63 |
Results of Simulation for Example | p. 64 |
Simulation Results: Probability of Meeting Due Date | p. 65 |
Example of Cross-Functional Process Map | p. 95 |
Define Gate Criteria | p. 112 |
Measure Gate Criteria | p. 118 |
Some EDA Techniques | p. 121 |
Example of Combined DDA and EDA Analysis | p. 122 |
Example of Evaluating a Hypothesis | p. 124 |
Analyze Gate Criteria | p. 137 |
Example of a Future State Process Map | p. 150 |
Improve Gate Criteria | p. 156 |
Control Gate Criteria | p. 164 |
Strategy Deployment Plan | p. 167 |
Strategy Deployment Matrix | p. 168 |
QFD Relationship Weights and Symbols | p. 169 |
Phase II Matrix: Differentiators | p. 171 |
Phase III Matrix: Six Sigma Projects | p. 173 |
Linkage Between Six Sigma Projects and Stakeholders | p. 174 |
Customer Demand Model | p. 178 |
Matrix of Categories for Pairwise Comparisons | p. 180 |
Completed Top-Level Comparison Matrix | p. 181 |
A Simple Process with a Constraint | p. 187 |
Critical Chain Scheduling Illustration | p. 193 |
Lithography Inspection Station Table, Stool, and Magnifying Glass | p. 215 |
Attribute Gauge R&R Dialog Box and Data Layout | p. 219 |
MINITAB "Agreement Within Appraiser" | p. 220 |
Plot of "Agreement Within Appraiser" | p. 220 |
MINITAB "Agreement of Appraiser with Standard" | p. 221 |
Plot of "Agreement of Appraiser with Standard" | p. 221 |
MINITAB "Appraiser Disagreement" | p. 222 |
MINITAB "Agreement Between Appraisers" | p. 222 |
MINITAB "Assessment vs. Standard Agreement Across All Appraisers" | p. 223 |
Excel Spreadsheet for RTY | p. 225 |
Excel Spreadsheet for Calculating Normalized Yield | p. 227 |
Finding RTY Using Simulation Software | p. 229 |
Tables | |
Instructions for Completing the Project Charter Statement Form | p. 4 |
Strategies for Meeting the Project Goals | p. 24 |
Tools Useful in Risk Assessment | p. 75 |
Risk Planning vs. Impact and Likelihood of Threatening Events | p. 75 |
Risk Response Planning Tools | p. 78 |
FMEA Severity, Likelihood, Detectibility Rating Guidelines | p. 102 |
FMEA Information | p. 104 |
Phases in Process Optimization | p. 141 |
Typical DMAIC Project Tasks and Responsibilities | p. 152 |
Local and Global Importance Weights | p. 182 |
Example of Using Global Weights in Assessing Alternatives | p. 183 |
Dysfunctional Process Symptoms and Underlying Diseases | p. 185 |
Illustration of the Pareto Priority Index (PPI) | p. 186 |
Throughput Priority of CTx Projects That Affect the Constraint | p. 189 |
Project Throughput Priority vs. Project Focus | p. 189 |
Possible Information to Be Captured | p. 195 |
A Typical View of Six Sigma Projects | p. 195 |
Attribute Measurement Concepts | p. 210 |
Methods of Evaluating Attribute Inspection | p. 213 |
Results of Lithography Attribute Inspection Study | p. 215 |
Inspector Accuracies | p. 216 |
Repeatability and Pairwise Reproducibility for Both Days Combined | p. 216 |
Stability Analysis | p. 217 |
Calculations Used to Find RTY | p. 224 |
Worksheets | |
Project Charter Statement | p. 2 |
Project Validation Analysis | p. 7 |
Six Sigma Project Evaluation | p. 9 |
Six Sigma Project Evaluation Guidelines | p. 10 |
Project Budget Development | p. 17 |
Deliverables Metrics | p. 19 |
Dollar Opportunity Estimate | p. 21 |
Project Progress Satisfaction Metrics | p. 23 |
Human Resources Assessment | p. 26 |
Project Resource Planning | p. 28 |
Project Work Breakdown Structure | p. 31 |
List of Penalties for Missing Deadline | p. 33 |
Major Milestones and Target Dates | p. 34 |
Historical Research Summary | p. 36 |
Constraint Analysis | p. 37 |
Activity Dependenciesa | p. 39 |
Activity Duration Estimates | p. 41 |
List of Activities | p. 44 |
Project Gantt/Milestone Chart Template | p. 45 |
Project Gantt/Milestone Chart (Freehand Drawing Format) | p. 46 |
Network Diagram for Project | p. 50 |
Resource Availability Information | p. 53 |
Schedule Improvement Evaluation | p. 55 |
Best-Case, Expected, and Worst-Case Schedule Completion Dates | p. 59 |
Statistical Analysis of Project Duration | p. 62 |
Estimated Cost by Activity Duration | p. 67 |
Cost-Optimization Spreadsheet Results | p. 68 |
Cost-Optimization Graphical Analysis | p. 69 |
Resource Leveling | p. 71 |
Risk Event Classification | p. 76 |
New Opportunities | p. 77 |
Risk Response Plans | p. 79 |
Quality Plan Items | p. 82 |
Project Budget Reports and Reporting Frequency | p. 86 |
Activity Status Management Report | p. 89 |
Change Control Information | p. 90 |
Controlled Documents List | p. 90 |
Current Process Map | p. 96 |
Narrative Description of Undesirable Effects | p. 96 |
Undesirable Effects | p. 99 |
FMEA Worksheet | p. 105 |
CTQ Characteristics | p. 108 |
CTS and CTC Characteristics | p. 109 |
Other Key Factors and Metrics | p. 110 |
Linkages to Enterprise Strategic Goals | p. 111 |
Gauge R&R Results | p. 114 |
Attribute Inspection System Results | p. 116 |
Attribute Inspection Results by Inspector | p. 117 |
Information Resource Catalog | p. 120 |
DDA/EDA-Based Theories to Investigate Further | p. 123 |
Process Audit Check Sheet | p. 126 |
Actual CTx DPMO and Sigma Levels | p. 134 |
Capability Levels of Performance | p. 135 |
Rolled Throughput Yield Analysis | p. 136 |
Optimum Levels of Performance | p. 142 |
Optimum Rolled Throughput Yields | p. 143 |
Benchmarking Step 1: Identify What Is to Be Benchmarked | p. 144 |
Benchmarking Step 2: Identify Comparative Companies | p. 145 |
Benchmarking Step 3: Determine Data Collection Methods | p. 146 |
Benchmarking Step 4: Collect Data on Benchmark | p. 147 |
Benchmarking Step 5: Determine the Current Performance Gap | p. 148 |
Benchmarking Step 6: Identify Causes of the Performance Gap | p. 148 |
Benchmarking Step 7: Estimate Future Performance Levels | p. 149 |
Benchmarking Step 8: Establish Functional Goals and Gain Acceptance of Stakeholders | p. 149 |
Alternative Future State Process Maps | p. 151 |
Future State Improvement Estimates | p. 151 |
Deliverables Acceptance Report | p. 155 |
Control FMEA Worksheet | p. 158 |
Additional Business Process Change Control Mechanisms | p. 162 |
Project Assessment Summary | p. 194 |
Issues List | p. 200 |
Rolled Throughput Yields Worksheet | p. 226 |
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