The Small-Scale Vertical Shaft Lime Kiln

This manual covers in depth the design, construction, and operation of a particular type of lime kiln: a continuous, natural draft, mixed feed, vertical shaft kiln. The book focuses on small-scale production and is aimed at lime-burners, technologists and field workers in developing countries, as well as those interested in burning lime on any scale.

Foreword

vii

Stafford Holmes

Introduction

x

Which binder is best?

x

Lime Production

1

(5)

The basics

1

(1)

The chemical process

1

(1)

Developing countries

2

(1)

Improved small-scale production

2

(1)

R&D by Intermediate Technology

2

(2)

IT's lime technologies project

3

(1)

Comparable research work

4

(1)

The vertical shaft kiln

4

(2)

Choices

6

(9)

Types of limestone

6

(3)

Shells and corals

7

(1)

Chalk

7

(1)

Travertine and calc tufa

7

(1)

Calcrete

7

(1)

Dolomite and dolomitic limestones

7

(1)

Argillaceous and other impure limestones

7

(1)

Carbonatite

8

(1)

Marble

8

(1)

Limestone tests and analysis

9

(1)

To determine the maximum possible available lime

9

(1)

Field test for dolomite in limestone

9

(1)

Field test for periclase in dolomitic limestone

10

(1)

Markets

10

(2)

The market in Zimbabwe: an example

10

(1)

The market segments and Standards specifications

10

(2)

Fuels for thought

12

(1)

Scales of production and options

13

(1)

Towards the right decision

14

(1)

Design

15

(7)

The theory of vertical shaft kiln design

15

(1)

Design variables

15

(4)

Kiln output and capacity

15

(1)

Kiln height

16

(1)

Height to diameter ratio

16

(1)

Shape and construction materials

16

(1)

Insulation

17

(1)

Air flow and draught

17

(2)

Practical considerations

19

(3)

Siting the kiln

19

(3)

Construction

22

(7)

The 2-tonne-per-day kiln

22

(5)

Materials

22

(3)

Construction details

25

(1)

Costing and quantities

25

(1)

Additional infrastructure

26

(1)

Programme of work

26

(1)

Scaling up the design

27

(2)

Dimensions of a 4-tonne-per-day kiln

27

(1)

Additional materials and design modifications

27

(1)

Additional costs

27

(1)

Building work

28

(1)

Infrastructural considerations

28

(1)

Operation

29

(17)

Monitoring

29

(12)

Operating variables

29

(1)

Product tests

30

(2)

Record keeping and data logging

32

(2)

Data analysis

34

(5)

Calculating efficiency

39

(2)

Qualifying data

41

(1)

Management

41

(2)

Day-to-day operation

43

(2)

The if-then guide

45

(1)

Summary of critical data

45

(1)

Financial Viability

46

(5)

The viability study

46

(2)

The questions

46

(2)

The unit production cost analysis

48

(2)

Analysis of results: discussion and comparisons

50

(1)

Conclusions: Drawing It All Together

51

(7)

Room for improvement?

51

(3)

The energy balance equation

51

(3)

Suggestions for improving performance

54

(2)

Increasing efficiency

54

(1)

Increasing the rate of production

55

(1)

Priorities for future research

56

(1)

The last word

57

(1)

Appendix 1: Facts and figures-fire and fuel

58

(1)

Appendix 2: Practice makes perfect-number crunching

59

(4)

Appendix 3: The business plan-an example

63

(6)

References

69

(1)

Glossary

70

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

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The Small-Scale Vertical Shaft Lime Kiln

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

FREE SHIPPING

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The Small-Scale Vertical Shaft Lime Kiln

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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