Sniffy the Virtual Rat Pro, Version 2.0 (with CD-ROM)

, by Alloway, Tom; Wilson, Greg; Graham, Jeff

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9780534633608 | 0534633609
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 10/5/2004

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Preface: Installing and Running Sniffy Pro. Acknowledgments. Quick Guide to Menus and Commands. 1. Introduction to Sniffy. 2. Introduction to Classical Conditioning. 3. Basic Phenomena of Classical Conditioning: Acquisition, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery and Stimulus-Intensity Effects. 4. Compound Conditioning, Blocking, Overshadowing, and Overexpectation. 5. Inhibitory Conditioning. 6. Associative Structures in Classical Conditioning: Sensory Preconditioning and Higher-Order Conditioning. 7. The Nature of the Association in Classical Conditioning. 8. Habituation, Sensitization, Background Conditioning and the CS and US Pre-Exposure Effects. 9. Introduction to Operant Conditioning. 10. Basic Operant Phenomena: Magazine Training, Shaping, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery and Secondary Reinforcement. 11. The Effects of Punishment on Response Elimination. 12. Schedules of Reinforcement and the Partial-Reinforcement Effect. 13. Stimulus Discrimination and Stimulus Generalization. 14. Shaping Behaviors Other than Bar Pressing. Appendix: How to Manage Your Sniffy Pro Files. Glossary. References. Index.

Preface: Installing and Running Sniffy Pro

Acknowledgments

Quick Guide to Menus and Commands

xvii

1 Introduction to Sniffy

(6)

Why We Created Sniffy

(1)

How We Created Sniffy, the Animated Creature

(1)

Sniffy, the Program

(2)

Sniffy Is a Learning Tool, Not a Research Tool

(1)

Applying What You Learn From Sniffy

(2)

2 Introduction to Classical Conditioning

(26)

A First Look at Sniffy Pro

(2)

Classical Conditioning Background

(1)

The Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)

(4)

The Design Classical Conditioning Experiment Dialog Box

(6)

The Sensitivity & Fear Mind Window

(1)

The CS Response Strength Mind Window

(2)

The Movement Ratio Window

(1)

The Cumulative Record During Classical Conditioning

(1)

The Suppression Ratio Window

(1)

Types of Associations

(1)

How to Get Reliable, Comparable Results

(2)

Putting Everything Together to Understand Classical Conditioning

(1)

Exporting Your Results to Other Programs

(1)

Printing All the Contents of a Data Window

(1)

Copying and Pasting the Visible Portion of a Window

(3)

3 Basic Phenomena of Classical Conditioning: Acquisition, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, and Stimulus Intensity Effects

(24)

Important Technical Information

(1)

Accelerating Time

(1)

Other Time-Saving Hints

(1)

Noise Control

(1)

Background to the Exercises in This Chapter

(1)

Exercise 1: Basic Acquisition of a CR

(4)

Exercise 2: Extinction

(3)

Exercise 3: Spontaneous Recovery

(1)

Exercise 4: Varying the Strength of the CS

(8)

Exercise 5: Varying the Strength of the US

(2)

Some Questions

(1)

Something to Do

(1)

4 Compound Conditioning, Blocking, Overshadowing, and Overexpectation

(20)

Exercise 6: Compound Conditioning Compared With Separate CS Pairings

(7)

The Compound Conditioning Experimental Condition

(3)

The Compound Conditioning, Separate Pairing Control Condition

(3)

Exercise 7: Blocking

(4)

Blocking Stage 1

(1)

Blocking Stages 2 and 3

(2)

Exercise 8: Overshadowing

(3)

Exercise 9: Overexpectation

(4)

Summary

(1)

Some Questions

(1)

Something to Do

(1)

5 Inhibitory Conditioning

(10)

Exercise 10: Prior Inhibitory Conditioning Slows Excitatory Conditioning

(5)

Setting Up the Experimental Condition

(1)

Setting Up the Control Condition

(1)

Examining the Results

(2)

Exercise 11: Inhibitory Conditioning Measured by Response Summation

(3)

Some Questions

(1)

Something to Do

(1)

6 Associative Structures in Classical Conditioning: Sensory Preconditioning and Higher-Order Conditioning

(12)

Background

(1)

Exercise 12: Sensory Preconditioning

(6)

The Experimental Condition

(2)

The Unpaired Control Condition

(3)

Exercise 13: Higher-Order Conditioning

(3)

Stage 1 Higher-Order Conditioning

(1)

Stages 2 and 3 of Higher-Order Conditioning

(2)

Some Things to Do

(2)

7 The Nature of the Association in Classical Conditioning

(22)

Background

(3)

Exercise 14: Basic Acquisition Under the Four Models

102

(2)

Exercise 15: Effect on First-Order Conditioning of Habituating the UR

104

(4)

Exercise 16: Basic Higher-Order Conditioning Under the Four Models

108

(3)

Exercise 17: Effect on Higher-Order Conditioning of Extinguishing the First-Order CR

111

(3)

Exercise 18: Effect on Higher-Order Conditioning of Habituating the UR

114

(6)

Some Questions

120

(1)

8 Habituation, Sensitization, Background Conditioning, and the CS and US Pre-exposure Effects

121

(14)

Background

121

(2)

Exercise 19: Habituation, Sensitization, and Background Conditioning

123

(4)

Exercise 20: CS Pre-exposure Effect

127

(2)

Exercise 21: US Pre-exposure Effect

129

(2)

Comparing CS and US Pre-exposure With the Control

131

(1)

A Question

132

(1)

Something to Do

133

(2)

9 Introduction to Operant Conditioning

135

(10)

Edward Thorndike

135

(1)

B.F. Skinner

136

(3)

The Operant Chamber

139

(1)

Reinforcement and Punishment

140

(5)

10 Basic Operant Phenomena: Magazine Training, Shaping, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, and Secondary Reinforcement

145

(22)

Operant Conditioning: Technique

145

(1)

The Operant Associations Mind Window

146

(1)

Exercise 22: Magazine Training

147

(1)

Exercise 23: Shaping Sniffy to Press the Bar

148

(5)

Exercise 24: Cumulative Records-Visualizing Sniffy's Responding

153

(3)

Exercise 25: Extinction

156

(5)

Exercise 26: Secondary Reinforcement

161

(2)

Exercise 27: Spontaneous Recovery

163

(1)

Some Things to Do

164

(3)

Behavioral Repertoire

164

(1)

Another Effect of Magazine Training

165

(2)

11 The Effects of Punishment on Response Elimination

167

(6)

Exercise 28: The Effect of a Single Mild Punishment

167

(2)

Exercise 29: The Effect of a Single Severe Punishment

169

(1)

Exercise 30: The Effect of Repeated Mild Punishment

170

(2)

Some Questions

172

(1)

12 Schedules of Reinforcement and the Partial-Reinforcement Effect

173

(18)

Background and Examples

173

(4)

Variable-Ratio (VR) and Variable-Interval (VI) Schedules

177

(1)

Fixed-Ratio (FR) Schedules

178

(1)

Fixed-Interval (Fl) Schedules

178

(1)

Setting Up a Schedule in the Design Operant Conditioning Experiment Dialog Box

179

(2)

Exercise 31: Placing Sniffy on a Small VR Schedule

181

(2)

Exercise 32: Increasing the Value of Sniffy's VR Schedule

183

(1)

Exercise 33: Variable-Interval Schedules

184

(1)

Exercise 34: Fixed-Ratio Schedules

185

(1)

Exercise 35: Fixed-Interval Schedules

185

(1)

How Realistic Are Sniffy's Schedule Performances?

186

(1)

Exercise 36: The Effect of Partial Reinforcement on Extinction

187

(1)

Some Questions and Things to Do

188

(3)

Does Schedule Size Affect Overall Response Rate?

188

(1)

Does Schedule Size Affect Resistance to Extinction?

189

(2)

13 Stimulus Discrimination and Stimulus Generalization

191

(22)

Background and Theory

191

(6)

Setting Up Discrimination-Learning Experiments

197

(4)

Exporting DS Response Strength Data to a Spreadsheet or Statistical Analysis Program

201

(1)

Setting Up Stimulus Generalization Tests

202

(1)

Exercise 37: Simple Tone-On S+ Discrimination Learning

203

(1)

Exercise 38: Stimulus Generalization After Simple Tone-On S+ Discrimination Learning

204

(2)

Exercise 39: Simple Tone-On S- Discrimination Learning

206

(1)

Exercise 40: Stimulus Generalization After Simple Tone-On S-Discrimination Learning

207

(1)

Exercise 41: S+/S- Discrimination Learning

208

(1)

Exercise 42: Stimulus Generalization After S+/S-Discrimination Learning

209

(1)

Comparing the Three Generalization Gradients

210

(2)

Some Questions

212

(1)

Something to Do

212

(1)

14 Shaping Behaviors Other Than Bar Pressing

213

(14)

Exercise 43: Shaping Sniffy to Beg

215

(2)

Exercise 44: Shaping Sniffy to Wipe His Face

217

(2)

Exercise 45: Shaping Sniffy to Roll

219

(3)

Exercise 46: Shaping Sniffy to Perform Other Behaviors

222

(1)

Exercise 47: Shaping a Cat to Beg or Walk on Its Hind Legs

222

(3)

Some Questions and Things to Do

225

(2)

APPENDIX How to Manage Your Sniffy Pro Files

227

(21)

Floppy Disks and Hard Disks

227

(2)

Deciding Where to Save Your Files

229

(2)

Getting Easy Access to the Sniffy Program and Files From Your Computer Desktop

231

(2)

Creating a Windows Shortcut

231

(1)

Placing Aliases in the Mac OS X Dock

232

(1)

Saving Files

233

(4)

Saving Files in Windows XP

233

(3)

Saving Files in Mac OS X

236

(1)

Opening Files

237

(4)

Opening Files in Windows XP

237

(2)

Opening Files in Mac OS X

239

(2)

Copying Files From a Hard Disk to a Floppy Disk

241

(2)

Instructions for Windows XP Users

241

(1)

Instructions for Mac OS X Users

242

(1)

Copying Files From a Floppy Disk to a Hard Disk

243

(1)

Instructions for Windows XP Users

243

(1)

Instructions for Mac OS X Users

243

(1)

Using Sniffy Pro Macintosh Files on a Windows PC and Vice Versa

244

(1)

Storing Files on a CD

245

(1)

E-mailing Files

246

(2)

Glossary

248

(5)

References

253

(2)

Index

255

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Sniffy the Virtual Rat Pro, Version 2.0 (with CD-ROM)

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials