Social Foundations for Becoming a Teacher

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ISBN: 9780205424221 | 0205424228
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 10/11/2005

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SocialFoundationsfor Becoming a Teacherfosters awareness of social trends, issues, and forces that influence teachers in todayrs"s high-stakes environment of education. Based on the successful introductory textBecoming a Teacher, this breakout text focuses on the sociological issues related to schools, communities, and teaching. Ideal for use in any pre-professional teaching course,SocialFoundationsfor Becoming a Teacheroffers a practical, readable overview of such topics as teachersrs" working conditions, school culture, diversity, and ethnicity, and social realities in American schools.

Preface

1 Societal Influences on Education

(40)

What Are the Social Foundations of Education?

(4)

Today's Influences on Tomorrow's Schools

(3)

Social Forces

(2)

Economic Forces

(1)

Political Forces

(1)

Technological Developments

(1)

The "Pillars of Education" in the United States

(1)

What Are Society's Goals for Schools?

(8)

Achievement of Academic Goals

(2)

America's Education Goals

(1)

No Child Left Behind

(1)

Education and Values

(1)

Divergent Values

(1)

Emphasizing Our Nation's Successes

(1)

Socialization of Children and Youth

(1)

Education and Personal Growth

(1)

Education for Social Change

(1)

Service Learning

(1)

Education for Equal Educational Opportunity

(3)

What Are the Characteristics of Schools in Our Society?

(2)

Metaphorical Views of Schools

(1)

Social Class-Based Views of Schools

(2)

Four Types of Schools

(1)

As Social Institutions, What Are Schools Like?

(9)

Schools as a "Mirror" of Society

(4)

Case for Reflection: Community Influences on the School

(1)

Schools in Rural, Suburban, and Urban Settings

(1)

Schools and Their Surrounding Neighborhoods

(2)

Relevant Standards: Connections Between Students' Lives and the Curriculum

(1)

School Culture

(4)

The Physical Environment

(1)

School "Regularities"

(1)

School Traditions

(1)

Classroom Culture

(1)

What Are the Characteristics of "Successful" Schools?

(3)

Perspectives on Successful Schools

(1)

School Effectiveness Research

(3)

Teachers' Voices: We Are Friends When We Have Memories Together, Merle Weiss Scharmann

(1)

What Can We Learn from the Foundations of Education in Other Countries?

(8)

Technology in Teaching: The importance of information technology in the school curriculum: An international comparison

(1)

Comparative Education

(4)

International Comparisons of Achievement

(3)

A National Curriculum?

(1)

Lessons from Other Countries

(8)

Support for Teachers and Teaching

(1)

Parental Involvement

(1)

Pressure to Excel

(1)

Summary

(2)

Key Terms and Concepts

(1)

Reflective Application Activities

(2)

2 Teachers' Working Conditions

(42)

How Does Society View Teachers and Teaching?

(6)

The Public Trust

(1)

Teachers' Knowledge and Skills

(1)

Technology in Teaching: Will I be prepared to teach in a digital age?

(1)

Accountability for Student Learning

(2)

Relevant Standards: Commitment to Students and Their Learning

(1)

What Has Drawn You to Teaching?

(11)

Desire to Work with Children and Youth

(3)

Passion for Teaching

(1)

Passion for the Subject

(1)

Passion for the Life of a Teacher

(1)

Passion for the Teaching–Learning Process

(1)

Influence of Teachers

(1)

Desire to Serve

(1)

Practical Advantages of Teaching

(3)

Salaries and Benefits

(2)

Job Security and Job Outlook

(1)

Opportunities for Teachers from Diverse Groups

(3)

Teachers of Color

(1)

Teachers with Disabilities

(2)

What Challenges Confront Teachers?

(5)

Classroom Management and Increasing School Violence

(1)

Social Problems that Impact Students

(1)

Inadequate Family and Community Support

(1)

Long Hours and Job Stress

(1)

Gaining Professional Empowerment

(1)

What Is It Like to Be a Teacher?

(12)

Uncertainty 1: Predicting Educational Outcomes

(2)

Students' Responses

(2)

Results in the Future

(1)

Uncertainty 2: Assessing Student Learning

(1)

Uncertainty 3: Influencing Student Behavior

(1)

Uncertainty 4: Influencing Others by Example

(2)

Uncertainty 5: Responding to Rapidly Changing, Fragmented Events

(1)

Uncertainty 6: Experiencing the Uniqueness of Teaching

(4)

Teachers' Voices: Education Was My Way Out, Sonie Felix

(2)

Case for Reflection: Coping with the Uncertainties of Teaching

(1)

What Reform Trends Are Changing the Profession of Teaching?

(3)

Increased Academic Preparation

(1)

Expanded Role for Schools

(1)

School-Based Teacher Education

(1)

National Certification

(1)

State Standards Boards

(1)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

(1)

Reflective Application Activities

(2)

3 History of Education in the United States

(40)

What Were the European Antecedents of American Education?

(7)

Relevant Standards: Understanding How the Past Shapes the Present and Future of Education in the United States

(1)

Education in Ancient Greece

(3)

Socrates

(2)

Case for Reflection: Emphasizing the Past in the Curriculum

(1)

Plato and Aristotle

(1)

Education in Ancient Rome

(1)

From the Middle Ages to the Age of Enlightenment

(1)

Educational Thought in Eighteenth-Century Europe

(2)

What Were Teaching and Schools Like in the American Colonies (1620-1750)?

(5)

The Status of Teachers

(1)

Colonial Schools

(2)

The Origins of Mandated Education

(2)

Education for African Americans and Native Americans

(1)

What Were the Goals of Education During the Revolutionary Period (1750-1820)?

(4)

Benjamin Franklin's Academy

(1)

Sarah Pierce's Female Academy

(1)

Thomas Jefferson's Philosophy

100

(1)

Noah Webster's Speller

101

(1)

How Was the Struggle Won for State-Supported Common Schools (1820-1865)?

102

(2)

Horace Mann's Contributions

102

(1)

Improving School

102

(1)

The Normal School

103

(1)

Reverend W.H. McGuffey's Readers

103

(1)

Justin Morrill's Land-Grant Schools

104

(1)

How Did Compulsory Education Change Schools and the Teaching Profession (1865-1920)?

104

(4)

Higher Education for African Americans

105

(1)

The Kindergarten

106

(1)

The Professionalization of Teaching

106

(2)

Committee of Ten

106

(1)

Committee of Fifteen

107

(1)

Reorganization of Secondary Education

107

(1)

Women's Influence on Teaching

107

(1)

What Were the Aims of Education during the Progressive Era (1920-1945)?

108

(4)

John Dewey's Laboratory School

108

(2)

Maria Montessori's Method

110

(1)

The Decline of Progressive Education

110

(1)

Education of Immigrants and Minorities

110

(2)

Teachers' Voices: Native American Teachers Need Support, Kristine Shotley

111

(1)

World War II and Increasing Federal Involvement in Education

112

(1)

How Did Education Change during the Modern Postwar Era (1945–present)?

112

(7)

The 1950's: Defense Education and School Desegregation

112

(2)

The 1960's: The War on Poverty and the Great Society

114

(1)

The 1970's: Accountability and Equal Opportunity

115

(2)

Technology in Teaching: History of education and the Internet

116

(1)

The 1980's: A Great Debate

117

(1)

The 1990's: Teacher Leadership

118

(1)

The New Century: Continuing the Quest for Excellence

119

(1)

Summary

119

(2)

Key Terms and Concepts

121

(1)

Reflective Application Activities

122

(2)

4 Diversity in U.S. Education

124

(46)

How Is Diversity Reflected in the Culture of the United States?

126

(6)

The Meaning of Culture

127

(8)

Dimensions of Culture

128

(1)

Cultural Identity

128

(1)

Language and Culture

128

(2)

Relevant Standards: Appreciation for Cultural Diversity

129

(1)

The Concept of Multiculturalism

130

(2)

Ethnicity and Race

132

(3)

The Concept of Minorities

133

(1)

Minority Groups and Academic Achievement

134

(1)

Stereotyping and Racism

134

(1)

What Does Equal Educational Opportunity Mean?

135

(12)

Education and African Americans

136

(4)

The Desegregation Era

136

(2)

Resegregation of Schools in the United States

138

(1)

The Learning Needs of African American Students

139

(1)

Afrocentric Schools

139

(1)

Education and Latino and Hispanic Americans

140

(4)

Socioeconomic Factors

140

(1)

The Learning Needs of Spanish-Speaking Students

140

(2)

Education and Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders

142

(1)

Historical, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Factors

142

(1)

Teachers' Concerns about Asian American Students

143

(1)

Education and Native Americans and Alaskan Natives

144

(3)

Historical, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Factors

145

(1)

Research on Native American Ways of Knowing

145

(2)

What Is Meant by Bilingual Education?

147

(3)

Research and Debate on Bilingual Programs

148

(1)

Advice for Monolingual Teachers

149

(1)

What Is Multicultural Education?

150

(5)

Dimensions of Multicultural Education

150

(2)

Multicultural Curricula

152

(1)

Multicultural Instructional Materials and Strategies

152

(3)

Teachers' Voices: Celebrating Diversity in the Classroom, Neal A. Glasgow and Cathy D. Hicks

153

(2)

How Is Gender a Dimension of Multicultural Education?

155

(7)

Gender Differences

155

(2)

Case for Reflection: Developing Group Unity in a Diverse Classroom

156

(1)

Technology in Teaching: Does gender equity exist in the use of educational technology?

157

(1)

Gender and Education

157

(3)

International Comparisons

160

(1)

Gender-Fair Classrooms and Curricula

160

(12)

Sexual Orientation

161

(1)

Summary

162

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

163

(1)

Reflective Application Activities

163

(2)

APPENDIX 4.1: Can You Recognize Racism?

165

APPENDIX 4.2: Creating Classroom Environments that Support Second-Language Learners

161

(7)

APPENDIX 4.3: Strategies for Enhancing the Learning and Literacy of Second-Language Learners

168

(2)

5 Social Realities and Today's Schools

170

(42)

Which Students Are at Risk in Our Society?

172

(4)

Relevant Standards: Awareness of How Social Issues Influence Student Learning

173

(1)

School Drop Outs

173

(2)

Life Settings of Children at Risk

175

(1)

Challenges for Students at Risk

176

(1)

What Social Issues Impact Schools and Place Students at Risk?

176

(14)

Children and Poverty

177

(1)

Homelessness

177

(3)

Family Stress

180

(2)

Teachers' Voices: There's No Place Like School, Juanita Fagan

181

(1)

Substance Abuse

182

(1)

Violence and Crime

183

(6)

Case for Reflection: Dealing with School Violence

187

(2)

Teen Pregnancy

189

(1)

Suicide among Children and Youth

189

(1)

How Are Schools Addressing Social Issues?

190

(8)

Technology in Teaching: Are up-to-date technologies being used effectively in low-income urban schools?

191

(1)

Peer Counseling and Peer Mediation

192

(1)

Full-Service Community Schools

193

(2)

Community Schools and Student Learning

194

(1)

School-Based Interprofessional Case Management

195

(1)

Compensatory Education

196

(1)

Alternative Schools and Curricula

196

(2)

Out-of-School Time (OST) Activities

198

(1)

How Can Home/School/Community Partnership Help Students Learn?

198

(6)

The Community as a Resource for Schools

198

(4)

Civic Organizations

200

(1)

Volunteer Mentor Programs

200

(1)

Corporate—Education Partnerships

201

(1)

Schools as Resources for Communities

202

(13)

Beyond the School Day

202

(1)

Social Services

203

(1)

Summary

204

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

205

(1)

Reflective Application Activities

206

(1)

APPENDIX 5.1: School Safety Checklist

207

(1)

APPENDIX 5.2: Selected Resources for Meeting Needs of Students Placed at Risk

208

(2)

APPENDIX 5.3: Family Needs Assessment

210

(2)

6 Teacher Leaders and the Professionalization of Teaching

212

(52)

To What Extent Is Teaching a Full Profession?

215

(8)

Institutional Monopoly of Services

215

(2)

Teacher Autonomy

217

(1)

Years of Education and Training

218

(1)

Entry into the Profession

218

(1)

Provision of Essential Service

219

(1)

Degree of Self-Governance

219

(2)

Professional Associations

221

(1)

Professional Knowledge and Skills

221

(1)

Level of Public Trust

222

(1)

Prestige, Benefits, and Pay

222

(1)

What Is Professionalism in Teaching?

223

(5)

Professional Behavior

223

(1)

Reflection-in-Action

224

(1)

Becoming a Mentor

224

(1)

Lifelong Learning

224

(4)

Relevant Standards: Continuous Professional Growth

226

(1)

Learning to Become a Leader

227

(1)

Involvement in the Profession

228

(1)

To What Professional Organizations Do Teachers Belong?

228

(6)

The National Education Association

229

(2)

The Unionization Movement

229

(1)

Gains in Teachers' Rights

230

(1)

The American Federation of Teachers

231

(1)

The NEAFT Partnership

232

(1)

Other Professional Organizations

233

(1)

Case for Reflection: To Strike or Not to Strike

234

(1)

What New Leadership Roles for Teachers Are Emerging?

234

(8)

Teacher Involvement in Teacher Education, Certification, and Staff Development

235

(2)

Technology in Teaching: Teacher leadership and the development and dissemination of multimedia software

236

(1)

Teacher-Leaders

237

(2)

Dimensions of Teacher-Leadership beyond the Classroom

239

(3)

How Do Teachers Contribute to Educational Research?

242

(6)

Sources of Educational Research

242

(1)

Government Resources for Research Application

243

(5)

Scientifically Based Research

244

(1)

Conducting Classroom Action Research

245

(5)

Teachers' Voices: The Early Literacy Club: Building Excellence Through Collaboration, Jane Ching Fung

247

(1)

How Are Teachers Providing Leadership for School Restructuring and Curriculum Reform?

248

(3)

Leadership and Collaboration for School Reform

248

(2)

Collaborative School Reform Networks

250

(1)

Coalition of Essential Schools

250

(1)

National Network for Educational Renewal

250

(1)

Accelerated Schools

251

(1)

State-Based Educational Partnerships

251

(1)

How Will Teachers Shape the Future of Teaching?

251

(3)

A School of the Future

252

(1)

Tomorrow's Teachers

253

(1)

Summary

254

(2)

Key Terms and Concepts

256

(1)

Reflective Application Activities

256

(2)

APPENDIX 6.1: Professional Organizations for Teachers

258

(6)

Glossary

264

(7)

References

271

(12)

Index

283

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Social Foundations for Becoming a Teacher

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Table of Contents

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Social Foundations for Becoming a Teacher

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