Software Solutions for Rapid Prototyping

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ISBN: 9781860583605 | 1860583601
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 10/22/2002

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Software Solutions for Rapid Prototyping goes to the heart of RP. It is the software programming that drives the modelling, execution, and creation of the actual models linking to the CAD packages.Advances and refinements in software and its integrationto RP systems are providing new and innovative solutions to RP problems. Written by a team of experts this book will help extend the usefulness of the technology.Rapid Prototyping is a technology that is now common use in industry. Some companies outsource this work to specialist suppliers and consultants. Others have brought the technology in-house. There is, therefore, interest in this field from both academics and industry, but much of the development is still done by researchers in academic settings - funded by industry. RP database systems Heterogeneous solid modelling for RP Decision support systems Reverse engineering and RP Virtual reality support for RPThose involved in RP technologies in industry and in academia will find this book invaluble in the development of their work. Manufacturing industries, product designers, software developers for design, manufacturing, and RP, all need to know about the scope and opportunities that software solutions can offer them.

Introduction	p. 1
Advanced pre-processor functionality for layered manufacturing	p. 7
Introduction	p. 8
Functionality of commercial LM software	p. 9
Viewing/edition	p. 9
Repair/optimization	p. 9
Layout/conversion	p. 9
Example: three-dimensional-systems stereolithography software	p. 11
Advanced functionality of LM pre-processor	p. 15
Intelligent pre-processor based on design visualization	p. 15
Distributed pre-processor based on network	p. 18
Distributed intelligent pre-processor	p. 21
System environment	p. 21
System implementation	p. 22
Conclusions	p. 23
A web-based database system for RP machines, processes, and materials selection	p. 27
Introduction	p. 27
RP website	p. 28
Objectives	p. 30
Development backgrounds	p. 31
Methodology	p. 31
RP website design	p. 32
RP data collections	p. 41
Copyright issues	p. 42
Selection of web-based design tools	p. 42
Choosing a database system	p. 43
System implementation	p. 43
RP decision support system main page	p. 43
RP product information main page	p. 44
Browsing of RP machine data	p. 45
Register as a new RP vendor	p. 47
Logging in as RP vendors	p. 48
Add new RP machine information	p. 48
Update RP machine information	p. 50
Update RP company information	p. 50
An extended database system for RP decision support	p. 50
The methodology of DSS	p. 53
Use of the database	p. 54
Scope of future work	p. 54
Rapid prototyping and manufacturing (RP&M) benchmarking	p. 57
Introduction	p. 58
Review of RP&M benchmark parts	p. 59
Kruth 1991	p. 59
Gargiulo--3D Systems 1992	p. 60
Lart 1992	p. 60
Juster and Childs (1994)	p. 60
Ippolito, Iuliano, and Filippi 1994	p. 61
Ippolito, Iuliano, and Gatto 1995	p. 62
Shellabear--EOS Gmbh 1998, and Reeves and Cobb	p. 62
Fen and Dongping 1999	p. 64
Types of RP&M benchmarks	p. 64
Geometric benchmark	p. 65
Mechanical benchmark part	p. 66
Key attributes for benchmark parts	p. 68
Towards generalized benchmark parts	p. 68
Proposed geometric benchmark	p. 69
Process benchmarks	p. 74
PR&M process chains	p. 75
Measurement of RP&M parts	p. 76
Considerations for process benchmarking	p. 76
Framework for process benchmarking	p. 79
RP&M material selection	p. 80
Integration with database for decision support	p. 80
Conclusion	p. 82
Appendix A3	p. 85
Key considerations in process chains	p. 85
Orientation	p. 85
Slicing	p. 85
Supported/supportless building	p. 86
Support structures	p. 87
Path planning	p. 87
Pre-processing	p. 88
Post-processing	p. 88
Process parameters	p. 89
Weakness/difficulties	p. 90
Surface roughness	p. 90
Material shrinkage or swelling	p. 90
Staircase effect	p. 90
Warpage	p. 91
Appendix B3	p. 92
Decision support and system selection for RP	p. 95
Introduction	p. 95
Selection methods for a part	p. 97
Approaches to determining feasibility	p. 98
Approaches to selection	p. 99
A rapid prototyping system selection guide	p. 111
Expert system selection	p. 113
Rules and weighting system	p. 114
Example web pages and search process	p. 116
Connection to database	p. 120
Further modification of the system	p. 120
Production planning and control	p. 121
Pre-processing	p. 122
Part build	p. 123
Post-processing	p. 123
Summary	p. 124
Open problems	p. 124
Adaptive slicing for rapid prototyping	p. 129
Introduction	p. 130
CAD/CAM/RP data processing	p. 131
Calculating the intersection points	p. 132
Sorting the intersection points	p. 133
Constructing a two-dimensional contour	p. 133
Generating support structure	p. 134
Fundamentals of adaptive slicing	p. 136
Basic adaptive slicing	p. 137
Analyses for basic adaptive slicing	p. 139
Problems for current adaptive slicing	p. 142
Advanced adaptive slicing	p. 143
Procedures for advanced adaptive slicing	p. 144
Analysis	p. 148
Conclusion	p. 153
Multi-material representation and design issues	p. 155
Introduction	p. 155
Literature review	p. 157
Colour representation and colour schemes	p. 158
Geosciences modelling	p. 161
Volumetric representations	p. 162
Interpolation and implicit methods	p. 168
Previous work in multi-material/heterogeneous solid representation	p. 178
MMA-rep, a V-representation for multi-material objects	p. 188
Design philosophy	p. 188
Designer's knowledge of the problem	p. 189
Material distribution data	p. 190
Interpolation space and interpolation kernel	p. 195
Representation summary	p. 198
Applications	p. 199
One-dimensional solids	p. 199
Two-dimensional solids	p. 209
Three-dimensional solids	p. 216
Summary of MMA-rep features	p. 218
Conclusion	p. 219
Feature methodologies for heterogeneous object realization	p. 225
Introduction	p. 225
Literature review	p. 228
Feature-based design for heterogeneous objects	p. 232
Features	p. 232
Synthesized features for feature-based constructive design	p. 237
Constructive feature operations and material heterogeneity modelling	p. 240
Constructive feature operations through direct face neighbourhood alteration	p. 240
Material heterogeneity specification for features/objects	p. 245
Example: feature-based design of a prosthesis	p. 248
Feature-based fabrication in layered manufacturing	p. 250
Staircase interaction in layered manufacturing	p. 250
Staircase interaction-free strategy	p. 251
Implementation	p. 253
Conclusion and future work	p. 256
Conclusion	p. 256
Future work	p. 257
CAD modelling and slicing of heterogeneous objects for layered manufacturing	p. 263
Introduction	p. 263
Heterogeneous solid modelling	p. 264
A material composition array M	p. 264
Material grading function f(d)	p. 265
Grading source	p. 266
Discussion on example cases	p. 270
FGM pipe	p. 270
Watch assembly	p. 272
Cooling fins	p. 273
Slicing and contours generation for fabricating heterogeneous objects	p. 274
Contours generation	p. 275
Contours extraction for multiple grading sources	p. 277
Conclusion	p. 281
Reverse engineering and rapid prototyping	p. 283
Introduction	p. 283
How to obtain point cloud--three-dimensional digitizing	p. 285
CGI process	p. 287
Passive acquisition mode	p. 288
Active acquisition mode	p. 290
Some commercial digitization systems	p. 298
From the point cloud to the object--reverse engineering	p. 298
Surface reconstruction using parametric functions	p. 301
Surface reconstruction using polyhedron meshing	p. 308
Rapid fabrication using a point-based segmentation approach	p. 315
Verification	p. 323
Introduction	p. 323
State of the art	p. 325
The CRAN project	p. 325
Digitization process planning	p. 325
Path planning	p. 330
Application	p. 334
Conclusion	p. 335
Virtual prototyping: a step before physical prototyping	p. 341
Introduction	p. 342
Virtual prototyping	p. 342
The .STL format	p. 344
Previous work	p. 347
IVECS, the interactive virtual environment for the correction of .STL files	p. 349
Mode functions	p. 351
Other efforts	p. 355
Conclusion	p. 359
Open issues	p. 363
Process constraints	p. 363
Generalization versus specialization	p. 364
Design constraints (user interface)	p. 365
Database maintenance and validation	p. 366
Standards	p. 367
Data exchange	p. 368
Design opportunities	p. 368
Medical issues	p. 370
Scale	p. 370
Virtual reality	p. 371
Conclusion	p. 372
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