Soil Biochemistry, Volume 10

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ISBN: 9780824788346 | 0824788346
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 3/24/2000

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Explores the most complex microbial ecosystem with incisive review of new developments in soil science. DLC: Soil Biochemistry.

Preface	p. iii
Contributors	p. xi
Anaerobic Biodegradation of Halogenated Pesticides: Influence of Alternate Electron Acceptors	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Anaerobic Environments and Alternate Electron Acceptors	p. 3
Reductive Dehalogenation of Aryl Halides	p. 6
Dehalogenation of Pesticides	p. 7
Degradation of Chlorinated Aromatic Compounds Under Various Anaerobic Conditions	p. 14
Future Directions and Research Needs	p. 22
References	p. 22
Anaerobic Microbiology in Waterlogged Rice Fields	p. 35
Introduction	p. 35
Sequential Reduction Processes in Waterlogged Paddy Soils	p. 40
The Microbiology of Reduction Processes in Waterlogged Rice Fields	p. 43
Competition and Syntrophism Among Microbial Groups in Relation to Sequential Reduction	p. 81
Anaerobic Reoxidation of Electron Acceptors	p. 90
Physiology of Rice Plants and Their Rhizosphere Microorganisms	p. 96
References	p. 109
Silylation of Soil Organic Matter: Extraction of Humic Compounds and Soil-Bound Residues	p. 139
Introduction	p. 139
Use of Silylation for Extracting Organic Matter from Soils or Humin	p. 141
Effect of Silylation on the Quality of [superscript 13]C NMR Spectra	p. 144
Use of Silylation for the Evaluation of Soil-Bound Residues of [superscript 14]C-Labeled Xenobiotics	p. 150
Use of Silylation in Combination with [superscript 13]C NMR to Distinguish Between Sorption, Sequestration, and Covalent Binding	p. 154
Conclusions	p. 164
Addendum	p. 165
References	p. 165
Mechanisms of Protein Adsorption on Surfaces and Consequences for Extracellular Enzyme Activity in Soil	p. 171
Introduction	p. 171
Forces Affecting Adsorption and Conformation of Proteins on Surfaces	p. 173
Consequences of Interfacial Interactions on Enzyme Activity in Soil	p. 187
Conclusions	p. 196
References	p. 198
Role of Biomolecules in the Formation and Reactivity Toward Nutrients and Organics of Variable Charge Minerals and Organomineral Complexes in Soil Environment	p. 207
Introduction	p. 207
Organic Compounds in Soil Environments	p. 209
Chemical Interactions Between Biochemical Compounds and Clay Minerals	p. 212
Effect of Biomolecules on the Formation and Physicochemical Properties of Short-Range-Ordered Minerals and Organomineral Complexes	p. 215
Interaction of Hydroxy-A1 (-Fe)-Organic Complexes with Phyllosilicates	p. 226
Effect of Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Acids on the Adsorption of Nutrients on Variable Charge Minerals	p. 230
Adsorption of Nutrients on Organomineral Complexes	p. 238
Formation of Protein-Clay Mineral Complexes as Affected by Hydrolytic Species of Al and Fe	p. 242
Effect of Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Ligands and Nutrients on Enzyme Adsorption	p. 247
Activity of Enzymes Immobilized on Variable-Charge Minerals and Organomineral Complexes	p. 249
References	p. 260
The Plate Count Method: An Attempt to Delineate the Bacterial Life in the Microhabitat of Soil	p. 271
Introduction	p. 271
Diluted Nutrient Broth for Plate Counting	p. 272
Dispersing Soil Microorganisms into Water	p. 280
Kinetics of Colony Formation of a Single Cell Population	p. 282
Colony-Forming Curve (CFC) of Soil Bacteria	p. 288
Comparative Study of CFC Patterns of Forest and Deforested Soils	p. 293
Concluding Remarks	p. 296
References	p. 298
Characterization of Soil Microbiota with Quinone Profile	p. 303
Introduction	p. 303
Isoprenoid Quinones as Biomarkers for Analysis of Microbial Communities	p. 304
Other Nonculturing Methods to Characterize Microbial Communities in Soil	p. 311
Methods for Analysis of Quinone Profiles in Soil	p. 317
Changes in the Soil Microbiota as Indicated by Quinone Profiles	p. 324
Diversity of Microorganisms that Metabolize a Single Substrate in Soil	p. 328
Conclusions	p. 333
References	p. 334
Genetic Ecology of Soybean Bradyrhizobia	p. 349
Introduction	p. 349
Phylogeny of Soybean Bradyrhizobia	p. 350
Ecology of Soybean Bradyrhizobia	p. 352
Outline of a Symbiotic Association Between Bradyrhizobia and Host Plants	p. 355
Biochemical Characteristics Relevant to the Ecology and Association of Bradyrhizobia with Plants	p. 359
Genetics and Genomics of Soybean Bradyrhizobia	p. 364
Transfer of the Symbiotic Regions	p. 367
Concluding Remarks	p. 368
References	p. 369
Recent Advances in the Use of Fungi in Environmental Remediation and Biotechnology	p. 379
Introduction	p. 379
Degradation by Fungi	p. 381
Other Fungal Transformations	p. 398
Fungi: Biotechnological Organisms of the Future?	p. 405
References	p. 408
Biogeochemistry of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems: A Case Study	p. 423
Introduction	p. 423
Site Description	p. 424
Methodology	p. 431
Water Balance	p. 434
Canopy and Fluxes of Bioelements	p. 438
Litter Production	p. 439
Potential Return of Bioelements	p. 439
Long-Term Decomposition of Litter and Leaves	p. 444
Estimation of Nutrient Supplies to the Soils from Litter and Throughfall	p. 448
Total Balance of Dissolved Organic C, N, and P	p. 451
Final Remarks	p. 453
References	p. 455
Human Enteric Pathogens and Soil-Borne Disease	p. 461
Introduction	p. 461
Enteric Pathogens	p. 462
The Soil Matrix	p. 464
Microbial Diversity in Soil	p. 467
Exposure	p. 473
Concluding Remarks	p. 476
References	p. 477
Interfaces of Soil Biology with Archaeological Investigations	p. 483
Introduction	p. 483
Biological Properties of Soils of Archaeological Interest	p. 484
Interaction of Soil Organisms with Organic Materials of Archaeological Interest	p. 486
Case Studies	p. 496
Concluding Remarks	p. 503
References	p. 504
Index	p. 513
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Soil Biochemistry, Volume 10

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