Soil Microbiology

, by Tate, Robert L.

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ISBN: 9780471317913 | 0471317918
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 1/24/2000

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Summary

Author Biography

Supplemental Materials

* A strong emphasis on research in real-world settings as well as theoretical concerns

Preface

Preface to the First Edition

vii

Contents

Introduction

The Soil Ecosystem: Physical and Chemical Boundaries

(36)

The Soil Ecosystem

(7)

Soil Defined

(2)

Designation of Soil Ecosystems

(3)

Implications of Definition of the Soil Ecosystem

(1)

The Micro-Ecosystem

(18)

Interaction of Individual Soil Components with the Biotic System

(1)

Clay and Ecosystem Function

(6)

Humic Substances and Ecosystem Function

(4)

Soil Aggregate Structure and Biological Systems

(1)

Native Soil Aggregate Structure and Its Impact on Ecosystem Function

(5)

Separation of Soil Particulates by Density Fractionation

(1)

The Macro-Ecosystem

(2)

Concluding Comments

(5)

References

(4)

The Soil Ecosystem: Biological Participants

(39)

The Living Soil Component

(9)

Biological and Genetic Implications of Occurrence of Living Cells in Soil

(1)

Gene Pool Potential

(5)

Cell Structure and Biochemical Stability in Soil

(1)

Resting Structures and Soil Respiration

(1)

Soil Mineral Transformation by Microbial Cells

(1)

Microbial Link to Aboveground Communities

(1)

Implications on Microbial Properties of Handling of Soil Samples

(1)

Measurement of Soil Microbial Biomass

(10)

The Nature of the Soil Inhabitants

(1)

Autecological Soil Microbiology

(10)

Viable Counts/Enrichment Cultures

(4)

Intrinsic Limitations of Viable Count Procedures

(1)

DNA Hybridization/PCR Procedures

(2)

Expression of Population Density per Unit of Soil

(1)

Products of Soil Autecological Research

(2)

Principles and Products of Synecological Research

(1)

Interphase between Study of the Individual and Community Microbiology

(1)

Concluding Comments

(7)

References

(6)

Microbial Diversity of Soil Ecosystems

(19)

Classical Studies of Soil Microbial Diversity: Numerical Taxonomy

(2)

Biochemical Measures of Soil Microbial Diversity

(1)

Metabolic Diversity of Soil Systems

(6)

Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis

(1)

Nucleic Acid-Based Analysis of Soil Microbial Diversity

(2)

Conclusions: Utility and Limitations of Diversity Analysis Procedures

(6)

References

(5)

Energy Transformations and Metabolic Activities of Soil Microbes

(30)

Microbial Growth Kinetics in Soil

(13)

Microbial Growth Phases: Laboratory-Observed Microbial Growth Compared to Soil Population Dynamics

(6)

Mathematical Representation of Soil Microbial Growth

104

(4)

Uncoupling Energy Production from Microbial Biomass Synthesis

108

(1)

Implications of Microbial Energy and Carbon Transformation Capacities on Soil Biological Processes

109

(10)

Energy Acquisition in Soil Ecosystems

110

(4)

Microbial Contributions to Soil Energy and Carbon Transformations

114

(5)

Concluding Comments

119

(6)

References

121

(4)

Process Control in Soil

125

(34)

Microbial Response to Abiotic Limitations: General Considerations

127

(6)

Definition of Limitations to Biological Activity

127

(3)

Elucidation of Limiting Factors in Soil

130

(3)

Impact of Individual Soil Properties on Microbial Activity

133

(22)

Availability of Nutrients

133

(6)

Moisture

139

(8)

Aeration

147

(1)

Redox Potential

148

(1)

149

(3)

Temperature

152

(3)

Microbial Adaptation to Abiotic Stress

155

(1)

Concluding Comments

156

(3)

References

156

(3)

Soil Enzymes as Indicators of Ecosystem Status

159

(30)

Philosophical Basis for the Study of Soil Enzymes

161

(3)

Basic Soil Enzyme Properties

164

(5)

Principles of Enzyme Assays

169

(6)

Enzyme Kinetics

175

(5)

Distribution of Enzymes in Soil Organic Components

180

(3)

Ecology of Extracellular Enzymes

183

(2)

Concluding Comments

185

(4)

References

185

(4)

Microbial Interactions and Community Development and Resilience

189

(29)

Common Concepts of Microbial Community Interaction

192

(2)

Classes of Biological Interactions

194

(12)

Neutralism

195

(1)

Positive Biological Interactions

195

(3)

Negative Biological Interactions

198

(8)

Trophic Interactions and Nutrient Cycling

206

(4)

Soil Flora and Fauna

207

(2)

Earthworms: Mediators of Multilevel Mutualism

209

(1)

Importance of Microbial Interactions to Overall Biological Community Development

210

(2)

Management of Soil Microbial Populations

212

(1)

Concluding Comments: Implications of Soil Microbial Interactions

213

(5)

References

214

(4)

The Rhizosphere/Mycorrhizosphere

218

(35)

The Rhizosphere

219

(16)

The Microbial Community

221

(2)

Sampling Rhizosphere Soil

223

(1)

Plant Contributions to the Rhizosphere Ecosystem

224

(5)

Benefits to Plants Resulting from Rhizosphere Populations

229

(2)

Plant Pathogens in the Rhizosphere

231

(1)

Manipulation of Rhizosphere Populations

232

(3)

Mycorrhizal Associations

235

(8)

Mycorrhizae in the Soil Community

238

(1)

Symbiont Benefits from Mycorrhizal Development

239

(2)

Environmental Considerations

241

(2)

The Mycorrhizosphere

243

(1)

Conclusions

244

(9)

References

244

(9)

Introduction to the Biogeochemical Cycles

253

(31)

Conceptual and Mathematical Models of Biogeochemical Cycles

255

(7)

Development and Utility of Conceptual Models

255

(4)

Mathematical Modeling of Biogeochemical Cycles

259

(3)

Specific Conceptual Models of Biogeochemical Cycles and Their Application

262

(9)

The Environmental Connection

265

(3)

Interconnectedness of Biogeochemical Cycle Processes

268

(3)

Biogeochemical Cycles as Sources of Plant Nutrients for Ecosystem Sustenance

271

(1)

General Processes and Participants in Biogeochemical Cycles

272

(2)

Measurement of Biogeochemical Processes: What Data Are Meaningful?

274

(6)

Assessment of Biological Activities Associated with Biogeochemical Cycling

274

(1)

Soil Sampling Aspects of Assessment of Biogeochemical Cycling Rates

275

(1)

Environmental Impact of Nutrient Cycles

276

(1)

Examples of Complications in Assessing Soil Nutrient Cycling: Nitrogen Mineralization

277

(3)

Conclusions

280

(4)

References

280

(4)

The Carbon Cycle

284

(30)

Environmental Implications of the Soil Carbon Cycle

286

(5)

Soils as a Source or Skin for Carbon Dioxide

287

(1)

Diffusion of Soil Carbon Dioxide to the Atmosphere

288

(1)

Managing Soils to Augment Organic Matter Contents

289

(1)

Carbon Recycling in Soil Systems

290

(1)

Biochemical Aspects of the Carbon Cycle

291

(14)

Individual Components of Soil Organic Carbon Pools

292

(7)

Analysis of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions

299

(2)

Structural vs Functional Analysis

301

(3)

Microbial Mediators of Soil Carbon Cycle Processes

304

(1)

Kinetics of Soil Carbon Transformations

305

(4)

Conclusions: Management of the Soil Carbon Cycle

309

(5)

References

310

(4)

The Nitrogen Cycle: Soil-Based Processes

314

(33)

Nitrogen Mineralization

318

(3)

Soil Organic Nitrogen Resources

318

(2)

Assessment of Nitrogen Mineralization

320

(1)

Nitrogen Immobilization

321

(4)

Process Definition and Organisms Involved

321

(1)

Impact of Nitrogen Immobilization Processes on Plant Communities

321

(3)

Measurement of Soil Nitrogen Immobilization Rates

324

(1)

Quantitative Description of Nitrogen Mineralization Kinetics

325

(4)

Microbiology of Mineralization

329

(1)

Environmental Influences on Nitrogen Mineralization

329

(1)

Nitrification

330

(10)

Identity of Bacterial Species That Nitrify

331

(1)

Benefits to the Microorganism from Nitrification

332

(1)

Quantification of Nitrifiers in Soil Samples

333

(1)

Discrepancies Between Population Enumeration Data and Field Nitrification Rates

334

(1)

Sources of Ammonium and Nitrite for Nitrifiers

335

(1)

Environmental Properties Limiting Nitrification

335

(5)

Concluding Observations: Control of the Internal Soil Nitrogen Cycle

340

(7)

References

341

(6)

Nitrogen Fixation: The Gateway to Soil Nitrogen Cycling

347

(27)

Biochemistry of Nitrogen Fixation

349

(9)

The Process

349

(3)

The Enzyme, Nitrogenase

352

(2)

Measurements of Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Culture and in the Field

354

(4)

General Properties of Soil Diazotrophs

358

(3)

Free-Living Diazotrophs

361

(2)

Function of Diazotrophs in Native Ecosystems

363

(6)

Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Among Rhizosphere Populations

363

(4)

Nitrogen Fixation in Flooded Ecosystems

367

(2)

Conclusions

369

(5)

References

369

(5)

Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

374

(30)

Rhizobium-Legume Association

375

(8)

Grouping of Rhizobial Strains

376

(1)

Rhizobial Contributions to Nitrogen Fixation

377

(1)

Nodulation of Legumes

378

(4)

Plant Controls of Nodulation

382

(1)

Manipulation of Rhizobium-Legume Symbioses for Ecosystem Management

383

(2)

Rhizobial Inoculation Procedures

385

(6)

Inocula Delivery Systems

385

(1)

Survival of Rhizobial Inocula

386

(4)

Biological Interactions in Legume Nodulation

390

(1)

Nodule Occupants: Indigenous Versus Foreign

391

(1)

Actinorhizal Associations

392

(2)

Conclusions

394

(10)

References

395

(9)

Dentrification

404

(29)

Pathways for Biochemical Reduction of Soil Nitrate

405

(2)

Biochemical Properties of Dentrification

407

(2)

Environmental Implications of Nitrous Oxide Formation

409

(1)

Microbiology of Denitrification

410

(3)

Quantification of Nitrogen Losses from an Ecosystem via Denitrification

413

(6)

Nitrogen Balance Studies

413

(2)

Use of Nitrogen Isotopes to Trace Soil Nitrogen Movement

415

(1)

Disappearance of Endogenous or Added Nitrogen Oxides

416

(1)

Acetylene Block Method for Assessing Denitrification Processes in Soil

417

(2)

Environmental Factors Controlling Denitrification Rates

419

(5)

Nature and Amount of Organic Matter

419

(1)

Nitrate Concentration

420

(1)

Aeration/Moisture

421

(1)

422

(1)

Temperature

423

(1)

Interactions of Limitations to Denitrification in Soil Systems

423

(1)

Concluding Comments

424

(9)

References

424

(9)

Sulfur, Phosphorus, and Mineral Cycles

433

(31)

Sulfur in the Soil Ecosystem

433

(1)

Biogeochemical Cycling of Sulfur in Soil

434

(4)

Biological Sulfur Oxidation

438

(6)

Microbiology of Sulfur Oxidation

438

(4)

Environmental Conditions Affecting Sulfur Oxidation

442

(2)

Biological Sulfur Reduction

444

(2)

Mineralization and Assimilation of Sulfurous Substances

446

(1)

The Phosphorus Cycle

447

(2)

Microbially Catalyzed Soil Metal Cycling

449

(8)

Interactions of Metals with Living Systems

449

(3)

Microbial Response to Elevated Metal Loadings

452

(1)

Microbial Modification of Metal Mobility in Soils

453

(3)

Managing Soils Contaminated with Metals

456

(1)

Conclusions

457

(7)

References

457

(7)

Principles of Bioremediation

464

(31)

Foundational Concepts of Bioremediation

466

(3)

Bioremediation Defined

466

(1)

Conceptual Unity of Bioremediation Science

467

(1)

Complexity of Remediation Questions

468

(1)

The Microbiology of Bioremediation

469

(13)

Microbes as Soil Remediators

470

(1)

Substrate-Decomposer Interactions

471

(8)

Microbial Inoculation for Bioremediation

479

(3)

Soil Properties Controlling Bioremediation

482

(6)

Physical and Chemical Delimiters of Biological Activities

483

(4)

Sequestration and Sorption Limitations to Bioavailability

487

(1)

Concluding Observations

488

(7)

References

489

(6)

Concluding Challenge

495

(4)

Index

499

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Soil Microbiology

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Soil Microbiology

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Digital License