Source Book in Chinese Philosophy

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ISBN: 9780691019642 | 0691019649
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 4/1/1969

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A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy is a milestone along the complex and difficult road to significant understanding by Westerners of the Asian peoples and a monumental contribution to the cause of philosophy. It is the first anthology of Chinese philosophy to cover its entire historical development. It provides substantial selections from all the great thinkers and schools in every period--ancient, medieval, modern, and contemporary--and includes in their entirety some of the most important classical texts. It deals with the fundamental and technical as well as the more general aspects of Chinese thought. With its new translation of source materials (some translated for the first time), its explanatory aids where necessary, its thoroughgoing scholarly documentation, this volume will be an indispensable guide for scholars, for college students, for serious readers interested in knowing the real China.

Foreword

vii

Preface

Acknowledgments

xiii

Chronology of Dynasties

Chronology of Philosophers

xvi

Abbreviations and Abridgments

(1)

The Growth of Humanism

(11)

Introduction

(11)

Ancestors and the Lord on High

(1)

The Mandate of Heaven, Ancestors, and Virtue

(2)

The ``Great Norm,''

(3)

Spirits, the Soul, and Immortality

(3)

The Humanism of Confucius*

(35)

Introduction

(4)

Selections from the Analects

(31)

Idealistic Confucianism: Mencius*

(35)

Introduction

(2)

The Book of Mencius: Book 6, Part 1

(9)

Additional Selections

(24)

Moral and Social Programs: The Great Learning

(11)

Introduction

(1)

The Great Learning

(10)

Spiritual Dimensions: The Doctrine of the Mean*

(20)

Introduction

(2)

The Doctrine of the Mean

(18)

Naturalistic Confucianism: Hsun Tzu

115

(21)

Introduction

115

(21)

``On Nature,''

116

(8)

``On the Rectification of Names,''

124

(4)

``The Nature of Man is Evil,''

128

(8)

The Natural Way of Lao Tzu*

136

(41)

Introduction

136

(3)

The Lao Tzu (Tao-te ching)

139

(38)

The Mystical Way of Chuang Tzu

177

(34)

Introduction

177

(34)

``The Equality of Things,''

179

(12)

``The Great Teacher,''

191

(11)

Additional Selections

The Nature and Reality of Tao

202

(1)

Tao Everywhere

203

(1)

Constant Flux

203

(1)

Evolution

204

(1)

Tao as Transformation and One

204

(1)

Nature vs. Man

205

(2)

Calmness of Mind

207

(1)

Sageliness and Kingliness

208

(1)

The Equality of Life and Death

209

(1)

Subjectivity

209

(1)

The Inner Spirit

210

(1)

Mo Tzu's Doctrines of Universal Love, Heaven, and Social Welfare

211

(21)

Introduction

211

(21)

``Universal Love, Pt. 2,''

213

(4)

``The Will of Heaven, Pt. 1,''

217

(4)

``Attack on Fatalism, Pt. 1,''

221

(5)

Additional Selections

Utilitarianism

226

(1)

The Condemnation of War

227

(1)

The Condemnation of Wasteful Musical Activities

227

(1)

The Condemnation of Elaborate Funerals

228

(1)

Elevating the Worthy to Government Positions

229

(1)

Agreement with the Superior

230

(2)

Debates on Metaphysical Concepts: The Logicians

232

(12)

Introduction

232

(12)

The Paradoxes of Hui Shih and the Debaters

233

(2)

The Kung-sun Lung Tzu

``On the White Horse,''

235

(2)

``On Marks (chih) and Things,''

237

(1)

``On the Explanation of Change,''

238

(2)

``On Hardness and Whiteness,''

240

(3)

``On Names and Actuality,''

243

(1)

The Yin Yang School

244

(7)

Introduction

244

(7)

Tsou Yen

246

(2)

Yin and Yang

248

(1)

The Five Agents

249

(2)

Legalism

251

(11)

Introduction

251

(11)

The Synthesis of Legalistic Doctrine

252

(8)

Interpretations of Tao

260

(2)

The Philosophy of Change

262

(9)

Introduction

262

(9)

Selections from the Commentaries

264

(1)

Selections from the ``Appended Remarks,'' Pt. 1

265

(3)

Selections from the ``Appended Remarks,'' Pt. 2

268

(1)

Selections from ``Remarks on Certain Trigrams,''

269

(2)

Yin Yang Confucianism: Tung Chung-shu

271

(18)

Introduction

271

(18)

The Profound Examination of Names and Appellations,''

273

(6)

``The Meaning of the Five Agents,''

279

(1)

``The Correspondence of Man and the Numerical Categories of Heaven,''

280

(2)

``Things of the Same Kind Activate Each Other,''

282

(2)

Additional Selections

The Origin (Yuan)

284

(1)

Humanity and Righteousness

285

(1)

Humanity and Wisdom

286

(1)

Historical Cycles

287

(2)

Taoistic Confucianism: Yang Hsiung

289

(3)

Introduction

289

(1)

Selections

289

(3)

The Naturalism of Wang Ch'ung

292

(13)

Introduction

292

(13)

``On Original Nature,''

293

(3)

``On Spontaneity,''

296

(3)

``A Treatise on Death,''

299

(3)

Additional Selections

Accident vs. Necessity

302

(1)

Strange Phenomena

303

(1)

Fate

303

(1)

The Equality of Past and Present

304

(1)

The Taoism of Huai-nan Tzu

305

(4)

Introduction

305

(4)

The Nature of Tao

305

(1)

The Beginning of Reality

306

(1)

Centrifugal Cosmogony

307

(2)

Negative Taoism in the Lieh Tzu and the ``Yang Chu Chapter''

309

(5)

Introduction

309

(5)

The ``Yang Chu Chapter,''

310

(1)

The Lieh Tzu

Skepticism

311

(1)

Fatalism

312

(2)

Neo-Taoism

314

(22)

Introduction

314

(22)

Wang Pi's Simple Exemplifications of the Principles of the Book of Changes

318

(2)

Wang Pi's Commentary on the Book of Changes

320

(1)

Wang Pi's Commentary on the Lao Tzu

321

(3)

Ho Yen's Treatise on Tao

324

(1)

Ho Yen's Treatise on the Nameless

324

(2)

Kuo Hsiang's Commentary on the Chuang Tzu

326

(10)

The Seven Early Buddhist Schools

336

(7)

Introduction

336

(2)

Selections

338

(5)

Seng-chao's Doctrine of Reality

343

(14)

Introduction

343

(14)

``The Immutability of Things,''

344

(6)

``The Emptiness of the Unreal,''

350

(7)

The Philosophy of Emptiness: Chi-tsang of the Three-Treatise School

357

(13)

Introduction

357

(13)

The Two Levels of Truth

360

(1)

Causes and Effects

361

(3)

The Four Subsidiary Causes

364

(1)

Existence, Nonexistence, and Emptiness

365

(3)

Substance and Function

368

(2)

Buddhist Idealism: Hsuan-tsang of the Consciousness-Only School

370

(26)

Introduction

370

(26)

The Nonexistence of the Self

374

(3)

The Nonexistence of Dharmas

377

(2)

The First Transformation of Consciousness

379

(4)

The Second Transformation of Consciousness

383

(1)

The Third Transformation of Consciousness

384

(2)

Consciousness-Only

386

(1)

Nine Objections to the Consciousness-Only Doctrine and Their Answers

387

(6)

The Three Natures of Being, Three Natures of Non-being, and Thusness

393

(3)

The T'ien-t'ai Philosophy of Perfect Harmony

396

(10)

Introduction

396

(10)

The Various Aspects of the Mind

398

(5)

Three Ages as an Instant; Substance and Function

403

(1)

The Function of Concentration and Insight

404

(2)

The One-and-All Philosophy: Fa-tsang of the Hua-yen School

406

(19)

Introduction

406

(19)

Treatise on the Golden Lion

409

(5)

Hundred Gates to the Sea of Ideas of the Flowery Splendor Scripture

``All that Come Into Existence Through Causation End Together in Quiescence,''

414

(6)

``Harmonious Combination and Spontaneity,''

420

(5)

The Zen (Ch'an) School of Sudden Enlightenment

425

(25)

Introduction

425

(25)

The Platform Scripture

430

(10)

The Recorded Conversations of Shen-hui

440

(4)

The Recorded Conversations of Zen Master I-hsuan

444

(6)

The Revival of Confucianism: Han Yu and Li Ao

450

(10)

Introduction

450

(10)

An Inquiry on Human Nature

451

(3)

An Inquiry on the Way (Tao)

454

(2)

The Recovery of the Nature

456

(4)

The Neo-Confucian Metaphysics and Ethics in Chou Tun-i*

460

(21)

Introduction

460

(21)

An Explanation of the Diagram of the Great Ultimate

463

(2)

Penetrating the Book of Changes

465

(16)

The Numerical and Objective Tendencies in Shao Yung*

481

(14)

Introduction

481

(3)

Supreme Principles Governing the World

484

(11)

Chang Tsai's Philosophy of Material Force*

495

(23)

Introduction

495

(23)

The Western Inscription

497

(3)

Correcting Youthful Ignorance

``Great Harmony,''

500

(7)

``Enlightenment Resulting from Sincerity,''

507

(7)

Additional Selections

514

(4)

The Idealistic Tendency in Ch'eng Hao*

518

(26)

Introduction

518

(26)

``On Understanding the Nature of Jen (Humanity),''

523

(2)

``Reply to Master Heng-ch'u's Letter on Calming Human Nature,''

525

(2)

Selected Sayings

527

(17)

The Rationalistic Tendency in Ch'eng I*

544

(28)

Introduction

544

(28)

``A Treatise on What Yen Tzu Loved to Learn,''

547

(3)

``Letter in Reply to Yang Shih's Letter on the Western Inscription,''

550

(1)

Selected Sayings

551

(21)

The Unity of Mind and Principle in Lu Hsiang-shan*

572

(16)

Introduction

572

(2)

Selections

574

(14)

The Great Synthesis in Chu Hsi*

588

(66)

Introduction

588

(66)

Treatises

``A Treatise on Jen,''

593

(4)

``A Treatise on Ch'eng Ming-tao's Discourse on the Nature,''

597

(3)

``First Letter to the Gentlemen of Hunan on Equilibrium and Harmony,''

600

(2)

``A Treatise on the Examination of the Mind,''

602

(3)

The Complete Works

Moral Cultivation

605

(7)

The Relation between the Nature of Man and Things and Their Destiny

612

(2)

The Nature of Man and Things

614

(6)

The Nature of Man and the Nature of Things Compared

620

(3)

Physical Nature

623

(3)

Destiny

626

(2)

The Mind

628

(2)

The Mind, the Nature, and the Feelings

630

(2)

Jen

632

(2)

Principle (Li) and Material Force (Ch'i)

634

(4)

The Great Ultimate

638

(3)

Heaven and Earth

641

(2)

Spiritual Beings and Spiritual Forces

643

(3)

Buddhism

646

(8)

Dynamic Idealism in Wang Yang-ming*

654

(38)

Introduction

654

(38)

Inquiry on the Great Learning

659

(8)

Instructions for Practical Living

667

(25)

The Materialism of Wang Fu-chih

692

(11)

Introduction

692

(11)

The World of Concrete Things

694

(2)

Substance and Function

696

(1)

Being and Non-being

697

(1)

Principle and Material Force

697

(1)

Unceasing Growth and Man's Nature and Destiny

698

(2)

The Principle of Nature and Human Desires

700

(1)

History and Government

701

(2)

Practical Confucianism in Yen Yuan

703

(6)

Introduction

703

(6)

In Defense of Physical Nature

704

(3)

The Identity of Principle and Material Force

707

(1)

Learning through Experience

707

(2)

Tai Chen's Philosophy of Principle as Order

709

(14)

Introduction

709

(14)

On Principle (Li)

711

(6)

On Nature

717

(2)

On Capacity

719

(1)

On Humanity, Righteousness, Propriety, and Wisdom

719

(1)

On the Variety of Circumstances

720

(3)

K'ang Yu-wei's Philosophy of Great Unity

723

(14)

Introduction

723

(14)

The Three Ages

725

(2)

Confucius' Institutional Reforms

727

(2)

The Mind that Cannot Bear to See the Suffering of Others

729

(1)

The Age of Great Unity

730

(4)

Humanity

734

(3)

The Philosophy of Humanity (Jen) in T'an Ssu-t'ung

737

(6)

Introduction

737

(6)

Ether and Humanity

738

(2)

The Principle of Nature and Human Desires

740

(1)

Neither Production nor Extinction

741

(1)

Daily Renovation

741

(2)

Chang Tung-sun's Theory of Knowledge

743

(8)

Introduction

743

(2)

Selections

745

(6)

The New Rationalistic Confucianism: Fung Yu-lan

751

(12)

Introduction

751

(12)

The World and Principle

755

(2)

Principle and Material Force

757

(1)

Tao, Substance and Function, and Universal Operation

758

(2)

Principle and the Nature

760

(1)

Serving Heaven and Jen (Humanity)

761

(2)

The New Idealistic Confucianism: Hsiung Shih-li

763

(10)

Introduction

763

(10)

``Closing and Opening,''

765

(1)

The Unity of Principle and Material Force

766

(2)

The Mind and Humanity (Jen)

768

(1)

The Unity of Substance and Function

769

(4)

Chinese Philosophy in Communist China

773

(10)

Introduction

773

(10)

The Nature of the History of Chinese Philosophy

776

(2)

The Chinese Philosophical Heritage

778

(2)

Guidance for Future Developments

780

(3)

Appendix: On Translating Certain Chinese Philosophical Terms

783

(10)

Bibliography

793

(20)

A Glossary of Chinese Characters

813

(20)

Index

833

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Source Book in Chinese Philosophy

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