Sources of the West, Volume 1 From the Beginning to 1715

Mark Kishlansky

Mark Kishlansky is the Frank Baird, Jr. professor of history at Harvard University. He has a special interest in history of early modern Britain, focusing on the history of politics and political thought. He teaches courses on English social history, the Stuart Age, the English Revolution and the Reign of Charles I. He is a frequent participant in the sophomore tutorial program at Harvard and directs senior theses on British history. His publications include Civilization in the West (5th ed. 2002), A Monarchy Transformed, 1603-1714 (1998), Political Cultural and Cultural Politics in Early Modern England (1995), Society and Culture in World History (1994), Early Modern Europe: The Crises of Authority editor (1988), Parliamentary Selection: Social and Political Choice in Early Modern England (1986) and The Rise of the New Model Army (1979).

Preface

How to Read a Document

Part I : The Origins of Western Civilization and the Classical World

Chapter 1    Creation Epics

The Epic of Gilgamesh (ca. 2000 B.C.E.)

The Creation Epic (ca. 2000 b.c.e.)

The Book of Genesis (ca. 10th–6th century B.C.E.)

Hesiod, Works and Days (ca. 700 B.C.E.)

Chapter 2    The Ancient Near East 

Code of Hammurabi (early 18th century B.C.E.)

The Book of the Dead (ca. 16th century B.C.E.)

The Book of Exodus (ca. 10th–6th century B.C.E.)

The Book of Isaiah (ca. 8th–6th century B.C.E.)

The Legacy of Cyrus the Great: The Cyrus Cylinder (6^th century B.C.E.) and The Book of Ezra (5^th century B.C.E.)

Chapter 3    Ancient and Classical Greece 

Homer, Iliad (9th–8th century B.C.E.)

Sappho of Lesbos, Poems (ca. 600 B.C.E.)

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War (ca. 400 B.C.E.)

Xenophon, The Spartan Constitution (ca. 360 B.C.E.)

Plato, Apology (399 B.C.E.)

Plato, The Republic (ca. 327 B.C.E.)

Aristotle, Politics (4th century B.C.E.)

Plutarch, The Life of Alexander (ca. C.E. 116)

Chapter 4    The Roman World

Polybius, The Roman Constitution (ca. 150 B.C.E.)

Cicero, The Trial of Aulus Cluentius Habitus (66 B.C.E.)

Virgil, Aeneid (30–19 B.C.E.)

Juvenal, Satires (ca. C.E. 116)

Plutarch, The Life of Cato the Elder (ca. C.E. 116)

Suetonius, The Life of Augustus (ca. C.E. 122)

The Sermon on the Mount (ca. C.E. 28–35)

St. Paul, Epistle to the Romans (ca. C.E. 57)

Part II : Medieval Europe

Chapter 5    The Early Middle Ages 

Tacitus, Germania (98)

Eusebius, In Praise of Constantine (336)

Augustine of Hippo, The City of God (413–426)

Benedict of Nursia, Rule of Saint Benedict (ca. 535–540)

The Burgundian Code (ca. 474)

Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks (ca. 581–591)

Bede, The Ecclesiastical History of England (731)

Einhard, The Life of Charlemagne (ca. 829–836)

Chapter 6    Islam and the Eastern Empire

Justinian, Code (529–565)

Procopius, Secret History (ca. 560)

The Koran (7th century)

Ibn Ishaq, The Life of Muhammad (after 733)

Michael Psellus, Chronographia (ca. 1075–1077)

Ibn Al-Qalanisi, The Damascus Chronicle (ca. 1150)

Chapter 7    The High Middle Ages

Feudal Documents (11th–13th centuries)

Bernard of Angers, Miracles of St. Foy (ca. 1010)

Fulcher of Chartres, The First Crusade and the Siege of Jerusalem (1101–1127)  

The Song of Roland (ca. 1100)

Magna Carta (1215)

Francis of Assisi, Admonitions (ca. 1220)

Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica (1266–1273)

Dante, The Divine Comedy (ca. 1320)

Catherine of Siena, Letters (1376)

Christine de Pisan, The Book of the City of Ladies (ca. 1405)

Margaret Paston, Letters (1441–1448)

Part III : Renaissance and Reformation 215

Chapter 8    The Renaissance

Francesco Petrarca, Letters (ca. 1372)

Leon Battista Alberti, On the Family (1435–1444)

Giorgio Vasari, The Life of Leonardo da Vinci (1550)

Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (1513)

Desiderius Erasmus, In Praise of Folly (1509)

Sir Thomas More, Utopia (1516)

Chapter 9    The New Worlds and the Age of Exploration

Ibn Battuta, Travels in Africa (1354)

Christopher Columbus, Letter from the First Voyage (1493)

Gomes de Zurara, Chronicle of Guinea (1453)

Bartolomé de Las Casas, Apologetic History of the Indies (1566)

Bernal Díaz, The True History of the Conquest of New Spain (1552–1568)

Juan Gonzalez de Mendoza, The History of the Great and Mightie Kingdom of China (1585)

Chapter 10    Religious Reform

Bernard Gui, A Manual for Inquisitors (1331)

Martin Luther, The Freedom of a Christian (1520) and Of Marriage and Celibacy (1566)

John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion (1534) and Catechism (ca. 1540)

Francis Xavier, Letter from India (1543)

Ignatius Loyola, Spiritual Exercises (1548)

Teresa of Ávila, The Life of St. Teresa (1611)

Chapter 11    The Early Modern World

Anonymous, Lazarillo de Tormes (1554)

The Twelve Articles of the Peasants of Swabia (1524); Martin Luther, Admonition to Peace (1525)

Marguerite de Navarre, Heptameron (1558)

Philippe Duplessis-Mornay, A Defense of Liberty Against Tyrants (1579)

Magdalena and Balthasar Paumgartner, Letters (1592–1596)

Part IV: The Ancien Régime

Chapter 12    The Wars of Religion

Henry IV, The Edict of Nantes (1598)

Cardinal Richelieu, The Political Testament (1638)

Hans von Grimmelshausen, Simplicissimus (1669)

Chapter 13    Subjects and Sovereigns 

James I, True Law of a Free Monarchy (1598)

Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1651)

John Locke, Second Treatise of Government (1689)

The English Bill of Rights (1689)

Duc de Saint-Simon, Memoirs (1694–1723)

Napoleon Bonaparte, The Napoleonic Code (The French Civil Code) (1804)

Acknowledgments

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